A test device for noninvasive testing of fish habitat selection and application thereof is described herein. The device includes a camera device, a water circulating system, a fish transporting barrel, and a test water tank. The fish transporting barrel is a water barrel with an openable bottom. The central area of the test water tank is arranged as a closed adaptation area, a water outlet is formed in the bottom of the adaptation area. Fish passages are formed in the adaptation area. Test areas with equal sizes are formed around the adaptation area through partition plates. A water inlet is formed in each test area. Water flow buffering plates are arranged corresponding to the water inlets. Fish passages are formed in the bottoms of the partition plates of the test areas. The water inlets of the test areas are connected to the water circulating system.