An uplink data transmission method and an apparatus are provided. The method includes: A network device sends configuration information to a terminal device, where the configuration information is used to configure N SRS resources; the network device sends downlink control information to the terminal device, where an SRI field and a TPMI field in the downlink control information jointly indicate M SRS resources in the N SRS resources; and the terminal device sends uplink data by using the M SRS resources. M is an integer greater than or equal to 1. When M is greater than 1, multi-beam uplink transmission of the terminal device can be implemented, and coverage and a capacity of uplink transmission can be improved.