A sample rotating rack and a Raman spectrum detector. The sample rotating rack comprises a rotating body (1) and a plurality of sample carriers provided thereon. The plurality of sample carriers are distributed around the circumference of the rotating body (1) and can be irradiated by light rays located at the periphery of the rotating body (1). The sample rotating rack is provided with as many sample carriers as possible in a space as small as possible, and optical irradiation can be quickly conducted on a plurality of samples by rotating the rotating body (1). The Raman spectrum detector comprises a laser (6), a spectrum analyzer (7), a Raman probe (10), a rotating table (8) and a sample rotating rack; the sample rotating rack is arranged on the rotating table (8), the Raman probe (10) is arranged at the periphery of the sample rotating rack, and the Raman probe (10) is electrically connected to the laser (6) and the spectrum analyzer (7) respectively; and the laser (6) is used for emitting excitation light by means of the Raman probe (10), and the Raman probe (10) can receive Raman scattered light and return same to the spectrum analyzer (7). The Raman spectrum detector can rapidly perform optical analysis and test on a plurality of samples, and the operation is simple and the test efficiency is high.