A method for producing a purified fluoropolymer aqueous dispersion, which includes: (A) bringing a fluoropolymer aqueous dispersion obtained using a hydrocarbon surfactant into contact with an anion exchange resin A or a synthetic adsorbent. The anion exchange resin A has an ion-exchange group represented by the following general formula (A1): —N+R1R2R3X— wherein each of R1, R2, and R3 are the same or different, and are each a hydrogen atom or an organic group, and at least one of R1, R2, and R3 is an organic group having 3 or more carbon atoms; and X is a counter ion; or an ion-exchange group represented by the following general formula (A2): —NR4R5 wherein each of R4 and R5 are the same or different, and are each a hydrogen atom or an organic group, and at least one of R4 and R5 is an organic group having 2 or more carbon atoms.