A piezoelectric element includes a second electrode layer on a second surface of a single-crystal piezoelectric layer. A hole continuous with a through-hole is provided in the second electrode layer. The second electrode layer is made of Pt, Ti, Al, Cu, Au, Ag, Mg, or an alloy including at least one of the metals as a main ingredient. A third electrode layer is on one side of the second electrode layer opposite to the single-crystal piezoelectric layer. The third electrode layer includes at least a portion outside of an edge of the hole with a distance maintained relative to the edge of the hole when viewed in a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the second surface. The third electrode layer is made of Ni or an alloy including Ni as a main ingredient.