A surface-treated copper foil includes a bulk copper foil and a first surface treatment layer. The first surface treatment layer is disposed on a first surface of the bulk copper foil and includes a roughening layer, where the outermost surface of the first surface treatment layer is a treating surface of the surface-treated copper foil. The material volume (Vm) of the treating surface is 0.06 to 1.45 μm3/μm2, and the five-point peak height (S5p) of the treating surface is 0.15 to 2.00 μm.