A method of detecting a virus having a hemagglutinin-esterase activity in a sample is disclosed, the method includes: contacting the sample with a substrate for an enzyme of hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) of coronavirus or hemagglutinin-esterase fusion protein (HEF) of influenza C virus; and detecting activity of the enzyme, the detection of the activity indicates that the sample contains coronavirus or influenza C virus.