To produce a calcium carbonate in a controlled form while carbon dioxide gas is efficiently used. A method for producing a calcium carbonate comprises a carbon dioxide gas absorption step of allowing an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at a concentration of 5 to 21% to absorb carbon dioxide gas to give an aqueous sodium carbonate solution at a concentration of 4 to 24%; a hydration step of reacting calcium oxide with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at a concentration of 0 to less than 6% to give a lime milk that is a suspension of calcium hydroxide having a BET specific surface area of 5 to 40 m2/g; and a carbonation step of adding the aqueous sodium carbonate solution to the lime milk and performing reaction.