Systems and methods for managing and operating a water supply system in accordance with embodiments on the invention are described. In an embodiment, the system calculates a set of one or more marginal values for a water supply system by: determining a set of transmission marginal values for a transmission stage, determining a set of treatment marginal values for a treatment stage, and determining a set of distribution marginal values for a distribution stage for a set of consumers, where the determining includes backtracking consumed water to a set of one or more raw water sources, identifying a set of one or more marginal paths of water supply from each raw water source to the consumer, and quantifying the intensity of inputs associated with the marginal paths.