One or more embodiments of the disclosure provides a light-emitting element including an N-type semiconductor layer, a P-type semiconductor layer, an active layer between the N-type semiconductor layer and the P-type semiconductor layer, and an insulating layer on a semiconductor stacked structure including the N-type semiconductor layer, the P-type semiconductor layer, and the active layer, and including a first insulating structure and a second insulating structure, the first insulating structure being between the semiconductor stacked structure and the second insulating structure and including a metal oxide including two or more metal elements.