A method of producing three-dimensional cellular tissues includes: obtaining a stromal cell-containing mixture containing stromal cells, a cationic substance, an extracellular matrix component and a polyelectrolyte, or a stromal cell-containing mixture containing stromal cells, a cationic substance and a fragmented extracellular matrix component; gelling the stromal cell-containing mixture to obtain a first gel composition containing stromal cells; obtaining a target cell-containing mixture containing target cells, a cationic substance, an extracellular matrix component and a polyelectrolyte, or a target cell-containing mixture containing target cells, a cationic substance and a fragmented extracellular matrix component; placing the target cell-containing mixture in contact with the first gel composition; gelling the target cell-containing mixture to obtain a second gel composition containing target cells; and incubating the first gel composition and the second gel composition to obtain three-dimensional cellular tissues.