A method of analyzing influencing factors of a contribution rate of elastic energy of a top plate during catastrophe of a coal body; the specific steps are: obtaining coal seam gas pressure; according to a drilling histogram, obtaining coal seam thickness and top plate thickness; taking a core on site and processing the core into a standard test piece; obtaining, by means of an indoor mechanical test, elastic moduli of the top plate and of gas-containing coal, respectively; substituting the obtained elastic moduli and thicknesses of the top plate and of the gas-containing coal into a calculation formula so as to obtain the contribution rate of the elastic energy of the top plate; and analyzing the influence of the contribution rate of the elastic energy of the top plate in the two situations of configuring the same thickness ratio and a different elastic modulus ratio and the same elastic modulus ratio and a different thickness ratio. In the described method, the role of the elastic energy of the top plate in a coal-gas dynamic disaster is fully considered while the influencing factors of the contribution rate of the elastic energy are analyzed. The method has important theoretical significance and practical engineering value. Moreover, the method has positive significance for the prediction and prevention of mining-induced rock burst-coal and gas outburst and other complex dynamic mining disasters.