Disclosed are a method for controlling a voltage supplied to a radio frequency (RF) transmission/reception module, and an electronic device for carrying out same. The electronic device, according to an embodiment, comprises: a communication processor including at least one processor comprising processing circuitry; an RF integrated circuit configured to generate a RF signal by processing data received from the communication processor, and transmit the RF signal to a RF transmission/reception module; the RF transmission/reception module comprising an amplification circuit configured to amplify the RF signal, and an overvoltage protection circuit configured to reduce overvoltage-induced damage to the amplification circuit, and configured to transmit the amplified RF signal; and a power management integrated circuit configured to manage power supplied to the amplification circuit using a voltage converter comprising a boost circuit configured to step up a voltage input into the boost circuit and a buck circuit configured to step down a voltage input into the buck circuit, wherein at least one processor of the communication processor, individually and/or collectively, is configured to: use the overvoltage protection circuit to detect the occurrence of an overshoot in which a voltage supplied to the RF transmission/reception module exceeds a threshold value, and in response to detecting the occurrence of the overshoot, control the power management integrated circuit and thus reduce an operation time of the boost circuit.