An optical image recording and reading apparatus includes a camera having an optical system which forms a focused image of an object at a predetermined position, and a holder and a scanner which can be selectively mounted to the camera portion. The holder and scanner have a common holding mechanism which holds an electronic development type recording medium on which a visible image is formed upon photographing without any need for chemical treatment after exposure so, that a light receiving surface of the recording medium can be located at the predetermined position. The scanner further has an image reading mechanism which reads an image developed on the recording medium.