The present invention relates to aqueous two-component compositions containinga) compounds which are substantially free from isocyanate groups, have an alkoxysilane group content (calculated as Si, MW 28) of 1 to 6% by weight, based on the weight of the compounds, and contain sufficient chemically incorporated hydrophilic groups to form a stable dispersion with water, wherein the alkoxysilane groups are incorporated as the reaction products ofi) a polyisocyanate component having a minimum average functionality of 2.4 and containing at least 50% by weight of polyisocyanate adducts andii) compounds containing secondary amino groups and alkoxysilane groups, andb) polyhydroxy compounds containing ester and/or carbonate groups and having a urethane group content of less than 5% by weight, based on the weight of the polyhydroxy compounds.The present invention also relates to coatings, adhesives and sealants prepared from these aqueous compositions and to compounds a) containing urea and alkoxysilane groups.