Polystyrene-supported palladacycle catalysts
Abstract:
This invention relates to a recyclable palladacycle catalyst of formula in which each is a single bond or a double bond, provided that if one is a double bond, its neighboring is not a double bond; each of X and Z, independently, is —P(R′)—, —S—, —N(R′)—, or —N═, in which R′ is alkyl, aryl, cyclyl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl; each of Y1 and Y2, independently, is an anion of an organic or inorganic acid; each of X1, X2, X3, Z1, Z2, and Z3, independently, is —C═, —CR″—, in which R″ is H, alkyl, aryl, cyclyl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl; and each of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8, independently, is H, alkyl, aryl, cyclyl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl, or R1, X, X1, and R2, together form a 3–8 membered ring, or R2, X1, X2, and R3, together form a 3–8 membered ring, or R3, X2, X3, and R4, together form a 3–8 membered ring, or R5, Z, Z1, and R6, together form a 3–8 membered ring, or R6, Z1, Z2, and R7, together form a 3–8 membered ring, or R7, Z2, Z3, and R8, together form a 3–8 membered ring; provided that one of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8, or the ring formed from R1, X, X1, and R2, or the ring formed from R2, X1, X2, and R3, or the ring formed from R3, X2, X3, and R4, or the ring formed from R5, Z, Z1, and R6, or the ring formed from R1, Z1, Z2, and R7, or the ring formed from R7, Z2, Z3, and R8 is connected to a first polymer. Also included in this invention are a method of promoting a coupling reaction using the above-described palladacycle compound and a method of making it.
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