Fused [1,2]imidazo[4,5-c] ring compounds, e.g., fused [1,2]imidazo[4,5-c]quinolines and [1,2]imidazo[4,5-c]naphthyridines, with a substituent, e.g., a substituted alkoxy substituent, at the 6, 7, 8, or 9-position, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, intermediates, methods of making and methods of use of these compounds as immunomodulators, for inducing cytokine biosynthesis in animals and in the treatment of diseases including viral and neoplastic diseases are disclosed.