A rapid exchange battery construction is applied in a battery module of an electric device to supply power. The battery module is pivoted with a rotatable handle, a catching member is disposed on the handle, and a fixing structure is erected on a base of a battery assembly structure. A pressing portion and a releasing opening are disposed at a top edge of the fixing structure. The handle is rotated to a gripping position for lifting the battery module to install the battery module on the base along the fixing structure, and then, the handle is rotated to a withdrawal position to move the catching member to the pressing portion. The battery structure is designed in such a manner that the battery module is secured and fixed on the base, and an electrical connection relationship between the battery module and the electric device is ensured.