A semiconductor memory includes a word line driver and a negative voltage generator. The word line driver includes a first inverter configured to drive a word line at one of a first voltage supplied by a first voltage source and a second voltage supplied by a second voltage source. The negative voltage generator is configured to provide a negative voltage with respect to the second voltage to an input of the first inverter in response to a control signal for performing at least one of a read or a write operation of a memory bit cell coupled to the word line.