Embodiments of the present invention, relating to the communications field, provide methods for establishing and using a public path, an M2M communication method, and systems thereof. To reduce occupied network resources and improve service processing efficiency of a network, an embodiment of the present invention provides the following technical solution: obtaining characteristic information of a public path, where the public path is corresponding to an MTC device in a one-line transmission group; establishing the public path according to the characteristic information; performing, by the MTC device in the one-line transmission group, data transmission with an MTC server by using the public path; and releasing the public path when the data transmission between the MTC device in the one-line transmission group and the MTC server is completed. The present invention is applicable to M2M communication.