A distributed base station signal transmission system is provided. The system includes a first multiplexing and demultiplexing unit, which is configured to multiplex a downlink signal emitted by the base band unit and output the downlink signal to the remote radio unit, a second multiplexing and demultiplexing unit, which is configured to multiplex an uplink signal emitted by the remote radio unit and output the uplink signal to the base band unit; a first colorless optical module receives and parse the uplink signal and generate the downlink signal; and a second colorless optical module is configured to receive and parse the downlink signal and generate the uplink signal. The present invention requires only one or a pair of fibers to implement interconnection between BBUs and RRUs, and does not need to use a large number of fibers and a metro wavelength division multiplexing network.