Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and system for transmitting information through a backhaul link, a proxy device, and an access device. The method includes: determining, by a proxy device, that to-be-transmitted information needs to be transmitted through a backhaul link, where the backhaul link is a backhaul link that implements transmission between the proxy device and an access device through an air interface and is in a deactivated state; and activating the backhaul link, and transmitting the to-be-transmitted information through the activated backhaul link. Therefore, a problem that backhaul links based on a large number of S1 or X2 interfaces consume a large number of memory resources, causing a transmission bottleneck in the backhaul links, is solved.