A method for real-time measurement of a dose of radiological radiation absorbed by a region to be inspected and which is subjected to a flow of radiological radiation. Said method comprises the following steps consisting in (a) detecting the incident radiation (11) incident at at least one point of the region to be inspected with the aid of at least one first measuring fiber optic beam (2) containing at least one fiber placed in said region to be inspected and adapted in such a way that it can generate a light signal when it receives radiological radiation; 2) measuring said light signal outside the region to be inspected after transmission along the measuring fiber optic; and (c) determining the dose of radiological radiation received by said measuring fiber optic from the light signal.