The invention relates to a method for producing a microfluidic system comprising a channel structure, and a microfluidic system. The channel structure is connected to an environment of the microfluidic system by means of at least one opening. According to the inventive method, fiber elements are mounted within a hollow space of a molded part so as to form a three-dimensional fiber element structure. The mounted fiber elements are fixed for spatial positioning in the hollow space by means of a holding device in order to be able to at least partly fill the hollow space thereafter. The hollow space is then filled at least in part with a flowable material such that the three-dimensional fiber element structure located in the hollow space is surrounded in a substantially complete manner by the flowable material. The flowable material is subsequently solidified inside the hollow space, whereby the microfluidic system comprising the channel structure is formed inside the hollow space, said channel structure being provided with channels that extend along the fiber elements.