Disclosed are an SOH test method and apparatus, belonging to the technical field of lithium ion batteries. The method comprises: collecting historical behavior habit data of a user, wherein the historical behavior habit data comprises historical data of a traction battery when same is put aside and historical data of the traction battery when in operation; obtaining the storage capacity loss rate of the traction battery within a set time period according to the historical data of the traction battery, when same is put aside, within the set time period; obtaining the operation capacity loss rate of the traction battery within the set time period according to the historical data of the traction battery, when in operation, within the set time period; and superposing the storage capacity loss rate and the operation capacity loss rate to obtain the capacity loss rate of the traction battery within the set time period. By means of the SOH test method and apparatus, the service life of a traction battery that is used by a user himself/herself is evaluated by means of historical behavior habit data of the user, and the evaluation result is more accurate; moreover, evaluation can be used for analysis by a background operator, such that the user can be notified, in a timely manner, when the traction battery requires maintenance.