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公开(公告)号：EP1969099A1
公开(公告)日：2008-09-17
申请号：EP07709151.0
申请日：2007-01-08
CPC分类号： C10L5/40 , C10B53/02 , C10L5/44 , C10L9/08 , C10L9/083 , Y02E50/10 , Y02E50/14 , Y02E50/15 , Y02E50/30
摘要： A process for treating biomass comprises the provision of a material that contains an amount of residual moisture. The material is heated to a torrefying temperature in a low-oxygen atmosphere in the torrefaction reactor, the material being converted into a torrefied material. The material with the contained residual moisture is essentially fully dried in a drying chamber by evaporation of residual moisture. The torrefaction reactor comprises a torrefying chamber, in which the torrefaction of this dried material is essentially carried out. The material is conveyed through the torrefaction reactor in a transport direction. The drying of the material in the drying chamber is carried out by introducing into it a hot drying gas that flows through the drying chamber in co-current with the material. The torrefaction of the material in the torrefying chamber of the torrefaction reactor is carried out by introducing into it a hot torrefying gas that flows through the torrefying chamber of the torrefaction reactor in counter-current with the material.
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公开(公告)号：EP1095387B1
公开(公告)日：2004-03-03
申请号：EP99957110.2
申请日：1999-06-15
IPC分类号： H01G9/20
CPC分类号： H01G9/2068 , H01G9/2031 , H01G9/2059 , H01L51/0086 , Y02E10/542
摘要： Photovoltaic element comprising a layered structure of at least a first electrically conductive layer, a layer of crystalline metal oxide semiconductor material deposited on the first electrically conductive layer, a transparent second electrically conductive layer deposited on a transparent substrate and an electrolytic liquid contained between the layer of semiconductor material and the second electrically conductive layer, wherein the layer of semiconductor material is deposited on a metal foil, which metal foil forms the first electrically conductive layer.
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公开(公告)号：EP0960270B1
公开(公告)日：2002-05-29
申请号：EP98902291.8
申请日：1998-02-04
发明人： VERINGA, Hubertus, Johannes , PENSWICK, Barry , RIBBERING, Johan, Sjoerd , KOROBITSYN, Michail, Aleksandrovitsj
CPC分类号： F02G1/0435 , Y02E20/14
摘要： The present invention relates to a heating installation with a Stirling engine and Stirling-type heat pump integrated within a single pressure vessel. Two hot chambers and two cold chambers, as well as a working chamber in which a piston is mounted such that it oscillates freely, are located inside the pressure vessel. The chambers are in fluid communication with one another. A displacer is able to oscillate freely to and for between each pair of hot and cold chambers. By means of this Stirling engine of the free piston type and the Stirling heat pump integrated therewith, a low-noise, low-maintenance and highly energy-efficient heating installation is formed which has a high net efficiency (COP value between 1.5 and 2.5). The heat from the cold chamber of the Stirling engine and from the hot chamber of the Stirling heat pump part is passed to a hot water system via a first and second heat exchanger. The heat from the exhaust gases is passed to a third heat exchanger. The heat exchangers may be connected in series or partly or wholly in parallel. Preferably the burner of the installation according to the present invention has a flat heat transfer behaviour to the Stirling engine's hot end upon increasing the power input of the burner, so that it can function as an auxiliary heater upon peak load demand.
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4.发明授权
公开(公告)号：EP0958480B1
公开(公告)日：2000-12-20
申请号：EP97934796.0
申请日：1997-08-07
CPC分类号： C04B41/87 , C04B37/005 , C04B41/009 , C04B41/5031 , C04B41/5042 , C04B2237/04 , C04B2237/343 , C04B2237/348 , C04B2237/62 , F27D5/00 , C04B41/4527 , C04B41/4582 , C04B41/4545 , C04B35/10 , C04B35/48 , C04B38/0051
摘要： Sintered plate/substrate to be used when heating ceramic products and method for the production thereof. The sintered plate consists of a plate of refractory material having relatively large pores and an appreciable thickness. A top layer having appreciably smaller pores and a small thickness is applied thereon. A plate of this type can be produced by providing a plate of refractory material and applying a suspension thereto, which suspension forms the top layer after firing. Said top layer is subjected to a finishing treatment. A top layer of this type can be re-applied after wear.
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5.发明授权DOUBLE TAPE SUITABLE FOR USE IN MOLTEN CARBONATE FUEL CELLS 失效FOR USE IN熔融碳酸盐燃料电池ENTHALDENDE合适的双BAND
公开(公告)号：EP0804812B1
公开(公告)日：1999-01-07
申请号：EP95930058.3
申请日：1995-09-08
CPC分类号： H01M8/0232 , H01M8/0204 , H01M8/0247 , H01M2008/1293 , H01M2008/147 , H01M2300/0051 , H01M2300/0074 , Y02E60/526 , Y02P70/56 , Y10T29/49108 , Y10T29/49115
摘要： In order to improve the electrical contact between electrode (11) and current collector (13) in a fuel cell containing a liquid carbonate (10) as the electrolyte it is proposed that between the electrode and the current collector a functional layer (12) be placed. The electrode (11) consists of a material based on lithium cobaltate, and the functional layer (12) is attached thereto. This functional layer, like the electrode, is preferably applied in the green state, and after assembly of the cell, the ultimate electrochemical fuel cell is obtained by sintering.
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公开(公告)号：EP0554333A1
公开(公告)日：1993-08-11
申请号：EP91919124.0
申请日：1991-10-22
申请人： Stichting Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland(ECN) , HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN IN RIGHT OF CANADA AS REPRESENTED BY THE MINISTER OF THE ENVIRONMENT
摘要： L'invention se rapporte à un nouveau procédé pour enfermer de manière étanche une masse de déchets et qui consiste à: entourer la masse de déchets, de déchets stabilisés ou son côté de positionnement d'au moins une couche pratiquement continue de matériau poreuse, la couche définissant une face de contact pratiquement continue enveloppant les déchets, et à fournir une quantité suffisante d'un réactif interréactif de chaque côté de la face de contact pour que les réactifs, après le positionnement, se diffusent l'un vers l'autre et forment un précipité qui remplit les pores dudit matériau poreux sensiblement le long de ladite face de contact, ce qui produit une couche enveloppant les déchets de perméabilité réduite. L'avantage particulier de ce procédé est que, après une rupture de l'élément d'étanchéité, les réactifs interréactifs créent une nouvelle couche d'étanchéité, ce qui empêche la fuite de substances nocives à travers la fissure.
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公开(公告)号：EP0448517A2
公开(公告)日：1991-09-25
申请号：EP91810180.9
申请日：1991-03-19
CPC分类号： H01M4/8857 , H01M4/8621 , H01M4/8647 , H01M4/8885 , H01M8/142 , H01M2004/8684 , H01M2008/147 , H01M2300/0051 , Y02E60/526 , Y02P70/56
摘要： A molten alkali metal carbonates fuel cell porous anode of lithium ferrite and a metal or metal alloy of nickel, cobalt, nickel/iron, cobalt/iron, nickel/iron/aluminum, cobalt/iron/aluminum and mixtures thereof wherein the total iron content including ferrite and iron of the composite is about 25 to about 80 percent, based upon the total anode, provided aluminum when present is less than about 5 weight percent of the anode. A process for production of the lithium ferrite containing anode by slipcasting.
摘要翻译： 熔融碱金属碳酸盐锂铁氧体的燃料电池多孔阳极和镍，钴，镍/铁，钴/铁，镍/铁/铝，钴/铁/铝及其混合物的金属或金属合金，其中总铁含量 包括复合材料的铁素体和铁基于总阳极为约25至约80％，当存在时提供的铝小于阳极的约5重量％。 一种通过滑移生产含锂铁氧体的阳极的方法。
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8.发明授权REACTANT FLOW ARRANGEMENT OF A POWER SYSTEM OF SEVERAL INTERNAL REFORMING FUEL CELL STACKS 失效的发电设备流动布置的反应物的多燃料电池堆栈内部重整
公开(公告)号：EP0947022B1
公开(公告)日：2001-06-20
申请号：EP97912573.9
申请日：1997-11-13
CPC分类号： H01M8/0625 , H01M8/04014 , H01M8/04022 , H01M8/04089 , H01M8/04097 , H01M8/249 , H01M2008/147 , H01M2300/0051 , Y02E60/526 , Y02P70/56
摘要： An arrangement is proposed for a system with at least two molten carbonate or solid oxide fuel cell stacks (1, 2, 3). The cathode flows (14) of these stacks are connected in series while the anode flows (25) are in parallel. All stacks have an internal reforming device for a hydrocarbon fuel. Anode gas is recycled (24) from the stack outlets to the inlets. The invention allows the stacks to be of the same design and this reduces manufacturing costs. The cathode streams between the stacks are cooled by, for example, adding streams of cool air (15) to them. The cathode inlet temperatures can, therefore, be controlled by relatively inexpensive low temperature air valves. The invention allows the system to be designed with few heat exchangers, if any. The per pass utilisation of all the oxidant streams and fuel streams are low. The efficiency of the system is typically 4-5 percentage points higher than that of equivalent conventional systems.
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9.发明公开
公开(公告)号：EP0958480A1
公开(公告)日：1999-11-24
申请号：EP97934796.0
申请日：1997-08-07
CPC分类号： C04B41/87 , C04B37/005 , C04B41/009 , C04B41/5031 , C04B41/5042 , C04B2237/04 , C04B2237/343 , C04B2237/348 , C04B2237/62 , F27D5/00 , C04B41/4527 , C04B41/4582 , C04B41/4545 , C04B35/10 , C04B35/48 , C04B38/0051
摘要： Sintered plate/substrate to be used when heating ceramic products and method for the production thereof. The sintered plate consists of a plate of refractory material having relatively large pores and an appreciable thickness. A top layer having appreciably smaller pores and a small thickness is applied thereon. A plate of this type can be produced by providing a plate of refractory material and applying a suspension thereto, which suspension forms the top layer after firing. Said top layer is subjected to a finishing treatment. A top layer of this type can be re-applied after wear.
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10.发明公开REACTANT FLOW ARRANGEMENT OF A POWER SYSTEM OF SEVERAL INTERNAL REFORMING FUEL CELL STACKS 失效REAKTANTSTRÖMUNGSANORDUNG不同的燃料电池堆的发电厂1内部重整
公开(公告)号：EP0947022A1
公开(公告)日：1999-10-06
申请号：EP97912573.0
申请日：1997-11-13
IPC分类号： H01M8
CPC分类号： H01M8/0625 , H01M8/04014 , H01M8/04022 , H01M8/04089 , H01M8/04097 , H01M8/249 , H01M2008/147 , H01M2300/0051 , Y02E60/526 , Y02P70/56
摘要： An arrangement is proposed for a system with at least two molten carbonate or solid oxide fuel cell stacks (1, 2, 3). The cathode flows (14) of these stacks are connected in series while the anode flows (25) are in parallel. All stacks have an internal reforming device for a hydrocarbon fuel. Anode gas is recycled (24) from the stack outlets to the inlets. The invention allows the stacks to be of the same design and this reduces manufacturing costs. The cathode streams between the stacks are cooled by, for example, adding streams of cool air (15) to them. The cathode inlet temperatures can, therefore, be controlled by relatively inexpensive low temperature air valves. The invention allows the system to be designed with few heat exchangers, if any. The per pass utilisation of all the oxidant streams and fuel streams are low. The efficiency of the system is typically 4-5 percentage points higher than that of equivalent conventional systems.
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