摘要:
Subterranean well formations (12) are acid stimulated using a plurality of jet nozzles (22) located in a spaced relation to the wall of the formation to form an annulus (28) between the nozzles and the formation. An acid-containing, stimulation fluid is pumped under pressure through the nozzles, into the annulus and against the wall of the formation. A gas is pumped into the annulus so that the stimulation fluid mixes with the gas to generate foam before the mixture is jetted towards the formation to impact the wall of the formation.
摘要:
A downhole tool for fracturing a subterranean formation comprising a plurality of discharge jets or nozzles located in a spaced relation to a wall of the formation to form an annulus between the nozzles and the formation. An acid-containing, stimulation fluid is pumped at a predetermined pressure through the nozzles, into the annulus and against the wall of the formation. A gas is pumped into the annulus so that the stimulation fluid mixes with the gas to generate foam before the mixture is jetted towards the formation to impact the wall of the formation. The tool is adapted to bend, or tilt, so that the discharge jets can come in to proximity to the formation being fractured.
摘要:
An apparatus and method for sealing a connection between a main casing section and a lateral casing section using thermosettable plastic flexible sock (36) at a location adjacent to an intersection (18) between the main (13) and lateral (14) casing sections. The sock is inflated (Fig. 2) so that it conforms to the inner surfaces of the main and lateral casing sections. Heat is applied to the sock to cure it in the inflated, operating position. Heat may be applied by releasing chemicals (28) which provide an exothermic reaction and/or by using a heater (30) positioned within the sock.
摘要:
Hydrajetting of fluid is used to cut a lateral window in a well casing for drilling a side track. Apparatus (30) comprises a mandrel (36) having a pin (50) received and movable within a J-slot (48) formed in a collar (38) around the mandrel. Movement of pin (50) in J-slot (48) guides movement of a jetting nozzle (44) of a jetting tool (42) such that a window (62) may be abrasively jetted in the well casing (14) in the general shape of the J-slot.
摘要:
The destruction of a well as a result of the movement of a subsiding subterranean rock formation (24) penetrated by the well bore (22) is delayed by constructing the well with a slot (28, 34, 36) cut into the subterranean formation in a direction opposite the direction (26) of movement of the formation towards the well bore, whereby the well bore extends through the slot as the subterranean formation moves.
摘要:
Changes occurring downhole during a fracturing process can create or reflect pressure signals. Capturing and evaluating such pressure waves during fracturing enables personnel to monitor, in real time or later, what happens downhole. When a fracture extends, a burst of acoustic noise is embodied in a pressure wave or signal, as is noise coming from other sources. By transforming time-based pressure signals to a frequency base, one can monitor this acoustic noise. In a particular implementation, a waterfall plot of frequency spectra at successive time slices of the original signal is used to determine frequency ridges, such as a ridge of decreasing frequencies indicates fracture extension and a ridge of increasing frequencies indicates either closure or proppant backing up in the fracture. Filtering, such as wavelet filtering, can be used. A fracturing process can be controlled in response to determining whether the fracture is extending.
摘要:
A speed reducer for use in a slow rotating downhole tool, has an input shaft (94) attached to a rotor. The input shaft has an eccentric portion (161) and has an input gear (204) disposed about the eccentric portion. The input gear is a solid gear having a first outer geared surface (208) and a second outer geared surface (210). The pitch diameter of the first outer geared surface is less than the pitch diameter of the second outer geared surface. A speed reducer body (68) has a geared inner surface (200) defined thereon in geared engagement with the first outer geared surface. A follower gear (216) is disposed in the body and is in geared engagement with the second outer geared surface. Rotation of the input shaft (94) causes the eccentric portion thereof to rotate in the input gear (204) causing eccentric rotation of the input gear. Eccentric rotation of the input gear is translated into pure rotation by the follower gear (216) which rotates the output shaft (116).