摘要:
The invention relates to the realization of synthesis of organic com¬ pounds or abatement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in gas-solid fluid- ised bed photocatalytic reactor with improved illumination efficiency. The photoreactor consists of a two-dimensional fluidized bed catalytic reactor with two walls transparent to ultraviolet radiation, by an illumination system based on an array of LEDs positioned near its external walls, and heated by Joule effect inside the catalytic bed to control the reaction temperature. Through the use of the reactor it is possible to carry out both partial and total oxidation re¬ actions with high activity and selectivity and, in addition, the illuminated cata¬ lyst surface area per unit of irradiated volume reaches values in the order of 106 m"1, significantly higher than the values typical of microreactors and slurry reactors. The photocatalytic system reported in the present invention is shown to have high illumination efficiency due to the use of UV-LEDs, which, ensur¬ ing a direction of light irradiation orthogonal to the emission point, minimize the dispersion of photons.
摘要:
The present invention relates to the make of a heterogeneous gas-solid catalytic reactor operated in autothermic conditions, characterised by a flat temperature profile. This invention concurrently uses three actions to optimise the operation of the ATR reactor both in terms of energy and of catalytic activity: the adoption of a specifically formulated catalyst so as to favour a “direct type” reaction mechanism, the use and the make of the catalyst on a structured support with a high porosity and tortuosity, and characterised by high thermal conductivity and the adoption of a radial flow geometry catalytic bed.
摘要:
A real time radiation dosimeter includes a first electrode and a second electrode, such as cathode and anode electrodes. The second electrode is based on carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes bucky paper, carbon nanotubes forest and graphene film. The dosimeter is connected to an electrometer, able to apply a bias voltage between the electrodes and to measure the collected charge. The manufactured detectors display an excellent linear response to dose. The dosimeter with nanotubes forest is able to collect charge also to zero voltage, allowing in vivo applications. The use of nanomaterials allows a miniaturized version of dosimeters.
摘要:
The present invention describes a new synthetic strategy that permits to produce 2D 1D, e OD hybrid organic-inorganic nanocrystals of tungsten/molybdenum chalcogenides. The innovative chemical approach is based on the thermal decomposition of a molecular precursor containing both metal and sulphur, in a mixture of long chain amines and/or fatty acids and/or long chain thiols. By the control of reaction conditions is possible to address the synthesis can be driven towards the formation of nanosystems with different morphologies such as sheets, particles, rods, tubes.
摘要:
This invention presents the set-up of a heterogeneous photo-Fenton system for the abatement of organic pollutants in liquid wastewater by means of heterogeneous perovskite-based catalysts, both in powder and in structured form. The proposed method employs, preferably, structured honeycomb monoliths consisting of a perovskite-based material (unsupported catalyst), or structured honeycomb monoliths made of a refractory carrier or a foam im pregnated with a solution of salts corresponding to the desired perovskite (supported catalyst). The removal of organic substances is carried out at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, through an oxidation to gaseous CO2. The perovskite-based catalyst, in structured form, is more efficient in the degradation of organic pollutants than a homogeneous photo-Fenton cata lyst. It allows to enlarge the operative range of pH in comparison to the limited operative range of pH of the homogeneous system, without the formation of sludge. The effect of the concentration and dosage of H2O2 in the proposed method has been evaluated, thereby showing that a further increase of the removal is obtained by proper dosage of H2O2.
摘要:
This invention presents the set-up of a heterogeneous photo-Fenton system for the abatement of organic pollutants in liquid wastewater by means of heterogeneous perovskite-based catalysts, both in powder and in structured form. The proposed method employs, preferably, structured honeycomb monoliths consisting of a perovskite-based material (unsupported catalyst), or structured honeycomb monoliths made of a refractory carrier or a foam im pregnated with a solution of salts corresponding to the desired perovskite (supported catalyst). The removal of organic substances is carried out at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, through an oxidation to gaseous CO2. The perovskite-based catalyst, in structured form, is more efficient in the degradation of organic pollutants than a homogeneous photo-Fenton cata lyst. It allows to enlarge the operative range of pH in comparison to the limited operative range of pH of the homogeneous system, without the formation of sludge. The effect of the concentration and dosage of H2O2 in the proposed method has been evaluated, thereby showing that a further increase of the removal is obtained by proper dosage of H2O2.
摘要:
The present invention introduces a small-size temperature sensor, which exploits a random or oriented network of un-functionalized, single or multi-walled, carbon nanotubes to monitor a wide range of temperatures. Such network is manufactured in the form of freestanding thin film with an electric conductance proven to be a monotonic function of the temperature, above 4.2 K. Said carbon nanotube film is wire-connected to a high precision source-measurement unit, which measures its electric conductance by a standard two or four-probe technique. Said temperature sensor has a low power consumption, an excellent stability and durability, a high sensitivity and a fast response; its manufacturing method is simple and robust and yields low-cost devices. Said temperature sensor, freely scalable in dimension, is suitable for local accurate measurements of rapidly and widely changing temperatures, while introducing a negligible disturb to the measurement environment.