Abstract:
Hydrocarbons and their oxygenated derivatives are produced by reacting a mixture essentially comprising carbon dioxide and hydrogen at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of a catalyst comprising supported rhodium, preferably in combination with one or more of the metals chromium, molybdenum, silver and zirconium. The preferred support is silica.
Abstract:
In the conversion of coal to gaseous and liquid products, the heat value of the coal is more completely retained by the products through the selective high efficiency conversion (4) of coal to a low ratio syngas utilizing a portion of the Fischer- Tropsch generated heat recovered as steam, conversion (24) of low ratio syngas with a water gas shift F-T catalyst to a product comprising C, to C so hydrocarbons and oxygenates, converting (30) the F-T product to premium gas and increased liquid fuels comprising gasoline and distillate with a special zeolite catalyst and recovering (46) the SNG (58) and LPG (64) products of the selective steps to provide an improved product slate. A portion of the produced fuel gas is used in lieu of coal to provide some of the heat energy requirements of the combination process.
Abstract:
The present invention is concerned with a gasoline composition for a small utility engine comprising 90 vol-% or more C5-C12 paraffins, 1 vol-% or less of naphthenes, 1 vol-% or less of aromatics, 1 vol-% or less of oxygenates, based on the total gasoline composition, and having a RON and/or MON of at least 92 wherein the content of iso-octane is at least 60.2 vol-%, the content of C5 isoparaffins is at least 10 vol-%, and the content of C10 to C14 isoparaffins is 1 to 5 vol-%, based on the total gasoline composition, a process for preparing the same and its use. It further pertains to the use of iso-octane in order to lower the final boiling point and/or the volume percentage vaporizing within 20°C, in particular within 10°C below the final boiling point of a gasoline composition for a small utility engine, and the use of renewable iso-octane for lowering the temperature at which 30 vol-%, preferably at which 40 vol-% of a gasoline for a small utility engine are vaporized, while increasing the temperature at which 80%, preferably at which 90% thereof are vaporized.
Abstract:
Proposed is a pretreatment desulfurization method for marine fuel oil. The method includes a step of preparing a pretreatment desulfurization agent including (a) at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , MgO, MnO, CaO, Na 2 O, K 2 O, and P 2 O 3 , (b) at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Li, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Sr, Cd, and Pb, and (c) at least one liquid composition selected from the group consisting of sodium tetraborate (Na 2 B 4 O 7 ·10H 2 O), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium silicate (Na 2 SiO 3 ). and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). The method also includes a step of feeding the pretreatment desulfurization agent to a fuel supply line through which marine fuel oil is supplied to a marine engine at a certain ratio so that a fluid mixture containing the marine fuel oil and the pretreatment desulfurization agent is supplied to the marine engine, thereby adsorbing and removing sulfur oxides during combustion of the fluid mixture.
Abstract:
Proposed is a pretreatment desulfurization system including a desulfurization agent storage tank for storing a liquid-phase pretreatment desulfurization agent and a metering pump for supplying the liquid-phase pretreatment desulfurization agent from the desulfurization agent storage tank to a fuel supply line through which marine fuel oil is supplied to a marine engine in a predetermined ratio. Since a fluid mixture composed of the marine fuel oil and the pretreatment desulfurization agent is supplied to the marine engine, sulfur oxides are adsorbed and removed during combustion of the fluid mixture.
Abstract:
A fuel composition for a lean burn engine comprising hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms as main component, with an aromatic content of 25 vol% or less.