Abstract:
A multi-function air data sensing probe has a strut that is mounted on an aircraft and extends laterally from the aircraft skin. The strut is supported on a base plate, and has a pitot pressure sensing tube at the outer end thereof, with a pitot port facing upstream, and also includes a passageway for total air temperature sensor including a forwardly facing inlet scoop that leads to a chamber in the strut that is laterally offset from the inlet scoop so that flow changes direction as it enters the chamber. The surface defining the change of direction between the scoop and the chamber is provided with bleed holes for bleeding off boundary layer air. A vane type air data sensor is mounted on a shaft that rotates freely and is supported on the strut, and is positioned to sense the relative air flow past the strut to determine changes of relative angles of such air flow. In addition, the strut has static pressure sensing ports on lateral sides thereof leading to a separate chamber on the interior of the strut.
Abstract:
A method for making a probe finger structure (14) including the steps of providing a wafer or wafer portion having an upper layer (32), a lower layer (30) and an insulating or etch stop layer (34) located between the upper and lower layers. The method further includes the step of etching the lower layer to form a mounting portion, and etching the upper layer to form a plurality of probe fingers. The method also includes the step of locating an electrically conductive material (40) on each of the probe fingers.
Abstract:
A distributed laser based obstacle awareness system for use on-board an aircraft comprises: a plurality of obstacle detecting sensors disposable at a corresponding plurality of locations of the aircraft for emitting laser energy from the aircraft into a predetermined region of space and for receiving return laser energy from an obstacle in the predetermined region of space; a laser source for emitting a laser beam along an optical path; and a plurality of bistatic optical channels. Each channel comprises a plurality of transmission fiber optic cables and at least one receiver fiber optic cable and extends from the laser source to a corresponding obstacle detecting sensor of the plurality to direct the laser beam from the optical path to its corresponding obstacle detecting sensor of the plurality for emission into the corresponding predetermined region of space; and a light detector. Return laser energy from an obstacle received by any one of the obstacle detecting sensors is propagated through the receiver fiber optic cable of the corresponding optical channel to the light detector for use in detection of the obstacle in the corresponding predetermined region of space. In one embodiment, an optical switch is disposed in the optical path to redirect the laser beam in a time sequence manner from the optical path to selected optical channels of the plurality.
Abstract:
A generally flexible strain gage comprises a strain sensing element, and a generally flexible substrate supporting the strain sensing element. The strain sensing element is made of single crystal or polycrystalline semiconducting material. The invention also includes a method for forming a generally flexible strain gage comprising the step of selecting a wafer having a portion of a base material and portion of a single crystal or polycrystalline semiconducting material located thereon. The method further comprises the steps of etching a strain sensing element out of the semiconducting material and forming a generally flexible substrate onto said sensing element.
Abstract:
A method of detecting errors in air data sensing systems having multi-function probes being used in combinations to define probe systems includes a step (A) of, for each probe system, making a first prediction of an aircraft parameter as a function of local angles of attack at two member probes of the particular system, and making a second prediction of the aircraft parameter as a function of local pressure ratios at the two member probes of the particular system. A step (B) is performed in which, for each of the probe systems, the first and second predictions of the aircraft parameter are compared to determine whether the first and second predictions are within a predetermined threshold of each other. Then, a step (C) is performed in which, for each of the probe systems, if the first and second predictions of the aircraft parameter are not within the predetermined threshold of each other, then the particular probe system is identified as having a malfunctioning member probe.
Abstract:
A mask (11) is shown which is used for providing air or oxygen for breathing. The mask (16) has a differential pressure sensor (30) for providing a signal to control oxygen or airflow to the mask (16). In one form the sensor is in the wall of the mask or in a wall of a supply tube, to sense the differences between ambient pressure, for example in the cabin (10) of an aircraft, and pressure in the breathing space (24) on the interior of the mask (16). Reduction in the pressure on the interior of the mask (16) can indicate that a pilot (12) is not receiving adequate oxygen, or is being subjected to stresses that may result in blackouts or red outs. The signal from the differential pressure sensor (30) is used to control the flow of oxygen to the mask (16), and also can be used for controlling the pressure of pressurized suits (14) worn by the pilot (12). The pressure sensor (30) output also can be used to maintain a higher pressure on the interior of the mask (16) to insure ambient air does not contaminate the air being breathed.
Abstract:
A built-in test system for an ultrasonic liquid level sensor that includes a transducer assembly having an ultrasonic transducer, and a switch that will be actuated when the ultrasonic transducer is in intimate contact with a surface of a tank in which level is to be determined. Once the switch is actuated to indicate that the ultrasonic transducer is properly coupled to the surface, a test sequence is initiated to determine that the level of ultrasonic transmissions are above a certain desired threshold for a selected period of time, and after which the circuit looks for echoes to determine the depth of the liquid in the tank. Thereafter, the test sequence is repeated for each cycle of level sensing.
Abstract:
An air data probe (10) such as a pitot probe, pitot-static probe, or total air temperature probe incorporates heaters (42) within the wall (30) of the device. The heater (42) is in the wall (30) of the probe (10) and extends from the base (12) of the probe (10) to the tip (18) of the probe (10) and surrounds a sampling chamber (24) in the probe (10) in a spiral pattern.
Abstract:
An air data sensor strut (16) made of a single block of material has one side (20) finished in a smooth contour, and has grooves (26, 28, 30) in an opposite side of the strut (16) for receiving pressure carrying conduits (34, 36), or other elongated members such as a heater (40). The heater (40) and conduits (34, 36) are secured in place with a filling of potting material (29) and the open sides of the grooves (26, 28, 30) are finished after filling so that the desired contour is provided for the opposite side (21) of the strut (16). The strut (16) has a thin cross section because of the elimination of hollow interior spaces formed by spaced walls.
Abstract:
An airborne object detection system (103) can include one or more imaging devices (110) configured to be disposed on an aircraft and to produce imaging data of one or more portions of an environment surrounding the aircraft, and an object detection system (103) operatively connected to the one or more imaging devices (110) to receive the imaging data. The object detection system (103) can be configured to determine whether there are one or more collision risk objects in the imaging data that will or are likely to collide with the aircraft based on the imaging data. The object detection system (103) can be configured to determine a collision location on the aircraft that the one or more collision risk objects will or are likely to collide with.