摘要:
The invention relates to a method and device for deionizing a cooling medium of a fuel cell that circulates inside a cooling circuit. The invention is characterized in that a liquid deionizing agent is permitted to act, at least intermittently, upon the cooling medium whereby enabling the deionizing agent to absorb ions from the cooling medium. To this end, the inventive fuel cell aggregate (10), which comprises at least one fuel cell (11) and at least one cooling circuit (20) for the fuel cell, has, inside the cooling circuit (20), at least one deionization device (23), inside of which a liquid deionizing agent can act upon the cooling medium. The deionization device can comprise static mixers (28, 34) downstream from which membrane separators (29, 35) are connected.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for the separation of an aqueous reaction mixture arising in the production of hydroxylamine using a catalyst, which contains, amongst other things, solid catalyst particles, into a partial stream enriched in catalyst particles and a partial stream depleted of catalyst particles by cross-flow filtration on an inorganic membrane, characterised in that the mean pore diameter of the inorganic membrane is less than 10 nm.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for producing amines by catalytically hydrogenating nitroaromatics and then separating the catalysts from the reaction mixture containing at least one aromatic amine and water. According to the inventive method, the catalysts are separated by means of membrane filtration which is carried out at a pressure of 5 to 50 bar on the side of the suspension, a difference in pressure between the side of the suspension and the side of the permeate of at least 0.3 bar, and a flow rate of 1 to 6 m/s on the side of the suspension.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a method for isolating salts of organic acids from an aqueous solution, in particular from a fermentation broth, by partial evaporation crystallization and consecutive or simultaneous displacement precipitation of said salts, as well as for releasing the organic acid from the crystallizate, preferably by an electromembrane process.
摘要:
The invention relates to an improved method for the production of D-pantothenic acid and/or salts thereof and use thereof as adjunct for animal feedstuffs.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for producing isocyanates by reacting the corresponding amines with phosgene in the presence of solvents. Said method is characterised in that compounds forming salt melts with hydrogen chloride are used as solvents.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for producing sodium dithionite comprising the steps (a) production of a synthesis batch consisting of sodium formate, sulphur dioxide and an alkaline sodium compound in an aqueous methanol solvent, which forms a sodium dithionite mother liquor, (b) separation of the sodium dithionite from the sodium dithionite mother liquor, leaving a residual mother liquor, (c) separation of methanol from the residual mother liquor, (d) separation of the residual mother liquor into a first sub-stream that is rich in thiosulphate and a second sub-stream that is devoid of thiosulphate, but contains formate by means of a nanofiltration, (e) concentration of sodium formate in the second sub-stream and (f) return of the concentrated second sub-stream to step (a).
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for producing liquid adjustments of basic azo dyes from a phenylenediamine I, which can be substituted by alkyl or alkoxy, by diazotization and coupling in an acidic solution. According to said method, the phenylenediamine is diazotized with sodium nitrite in the presence of at least two organic acids comprising at least one first acid (A) with a pkA value of = 4.0 and at least one second acid (B) with a pKA value = 4.1 and a nanofiltration is carried out once the coupling has been completed.
摘要:
The invention relates to reaction membranes that contain a selective oxidation catalyst disposed on a ceramic membrane that selectively conducts oxide ions and that is composed of (Sr1-xCax)1-yAyMn1-zBzO3-δ, wherein A represents Ba, Pb, Na, K, Y, an element of the lanthanide group or a combination of these elements, B represents Mg, Al, Ga, In, Sn, an element of the 3d or 4d period or a combination of these elements, x is a number of from 0.2 to 0.8, y is a number of from 0 to 0.4, z is a number of from 0 to 0.6 and δ is a number that results from the principle of electroneutrality on the basis of x, y and z. The inventive reaction membranes are suitable for use in oxidative reactions of hydrocarbons in which oxygen is used.