Abstract:
The invention relates to copolymers of (a) from 5 to 40% by weight of isoprenol, (b) from 5 to 93% by weight of at least one monoethylenically unsaturated C 3 to C 8 monocarboxylic acid, or of an anhydride or salt of same, (c) from 2 to 90% by weight of one or more monomers containing sulphonic acid groups.
Abstract:
The invention relates to sulfonic acid group-containing copolymers, which also contain the following constituents that are incorporated by polymerization in a statistical or block-by-block manner: (a) 30 to 95 mol % of a least one monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, one monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester, or one water-soluble salt of a monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid; (b) 3 to 35 mol % of at least one sulfonic acid group-containing monomer of formula (I), in which the variables have the following meanings: R represents hydrogen or methyl; X represents a chemical bond or -C00-R -; R represents unbranched or branched C1-C4 alkylene; M represents hydrogen, alkali metal or ammonium, and; (c) 2 to 35 mol % of at least one non-ionic monomer of formula (II), in which the variables have the following meanings: R represents hydrogen or methyl; R represents a chemical bond or unbranched or branched C1-C6 alkylene; R represents identical or different unbranched or branched C2-C4 alkylene groups; R represents unbranched or branched C1-C6 alkyl, C5-C8 cycloalkyl or aryl, and; n represents 3 to 50. These copolymers are used as an additive in detergents and cleansers.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for controlling the thickening of aqueous, silicate-containing systems, characterized in that at least one copolymer having an average molecular weight (Mw) of at least 3000 g/mol and not more than 60000 g/mol is added to said aqueous system and that the copolymer is, essentially statistically, made of monoethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids and eventually ethylenically unsaturated comonomers. The method is also characterized in that the polymerization is carried out in the presence of 0.01 to 100 mol-%, in relation to the total amount of all COOH groups of the mono- and dicarboxylic acids, of at least one base for producing the copolymer, the indicated amounts in wt.-% each referring to the total amount of all used monomers.
Abstract:
Processes for the separation of water from a mixture of water with other components, comprising the following steps: A) providing feed material FM comprising water and at least one a nonionic surfactant S in an amount of 0.1 to 1000 ppm by weight based on the feed material FM, B) subjecting said feed material FM to a distillation step using a falling film evaporator.
Abstract:
The invention relates to an aqueous solution of acrylic acid polymers obtainable by polymerizing acrylic acid in feed mode with peroxodisulphate as initiator in the presence of hypophosphite in water as solvent, where (i) water and optionally one or more ethylenically unsaturated comonomers are introduced initially, and (ii) acrylic acid in acidic, non-neutralized form, optionally one or more ethylenically unsaturated comonomers, aqueous peroxodisulphate solution and aqueous hypophosphite solution are added continuously, and (iii) after the end of the acrylic acid feed, a base is added to the aqueous solution, the comonomer content not exceeding 30% by weight, based on the total monomer content.
Abstract:
The invention relates to the use of copolymers containing alkylene oxides as an additive to aqueous systems containing phosphate and/or phosphonate in industrial technical installations. These copolymers, while being incorporated by polymerization in a statistical or block-by-block manner, contain: (a) 50 to 93 mol- % of acrylic acid and/or of a water-soluble salt of the acrylic acid; (b) 5 to 30 mol- % of methacrylic acid and/or of a water-soluble salt of methacrylic acid, and; (c) 2 to 20 mol- % of at least one nonionic monomer of formula (I) in which the variables have the following meaning: R1 represents hydrogen or methyl; R2 represents a chemical bond or an unbranched or branched C1-C6 alkylene; R3 represents the same or different unbranched or branched C2-C4 alkylene radicals; R4 represents unbranched or branched C1-C6 alkyl, and; n represents 3 to 50.