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公开(公告)号：EP0114961B1
公开(公告)日：1988-07-20
申请号：EP83111644.7
申请日：1983-11-22
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公开(公告)号：EP0187911A3
公开(公告)日：1987-06-16
申请号：EP85114352
申请日：1985-11-12
IPC分类号： H04N01/40
CPC分类号： H04N1/4074 , G06K9/38 , G06T7/11 , G06T7/136
摘要： A system is described for thresholding graphics images to reduce the information content for transmission and reproduction and which uses a particular image data thresholding technique that may be used to obtain display images with a number of intensity levels. Firstly, an histogram of the image to be encoded is generated and analyzed to determine essential parameters. In particular, the background colour of the image is determined by summing the histogram elements to find the median (B) of the distribution, that is, the point at which the half sum of total pixels is reached. The extrema (A. G) of the histogram are calculated and the skew is determined from the position of the median (B) with respect thereto. If the difference between the median (B) and the black extreme (G) is less than half the difference between the median (B) and the white extreme (A) then the background of the image is deemed to be black, otherwise, the image will be defined as having a white background. After the background colour is determined, the width of the background is determined from the difference between the median (B) and the background colour extreme (A), and the edge between the background and foreground regions, is defined as being at a distance one-half the background width from the median (B) in the direction of the foreground colour extreme (G). A sequence of threshold levels (D, E, F) may then be determined using this edge (C) as a base, by setting them at points disposed at fractionally different distances between the edge (C) and the foreground colour extreme (G). Preferably the levels are set at points 1/8, 1/4 and 1/2 the defined distance or at 3/16, 3/8 and 3/4. The selected points will respectively define the threshold levels such as between white/gray-white, gray-white/gray-black, and gray-black/black. Thus, the resulting image may then, after encosing and transmission, be decoded and displayed on a suitable teleconferencing system or fascimile machine with four intensity levels.
摘要翻译： 描述了一种用于阈值图形图像以减少用于传输和再现的信息内容并且使用可用于获得具有多个强度级别的显示图像的特定图像数据阈值技术的系统。 首先，生成并分析要编码的图像的直方图以确定基本参数。 特别地，图像的背景颜色通过对直方图元素求和来确定分布的中值，即到达总像素的半数和的点。 计算直方图的极值，并根据中位数的位置确定偏差。 如果中位数和黑色极值之间的差值小于中间值和白色极值之间的差值的一半，则图像的背景被认为是黑色的，否则，图像将被定义为具有白色背景。 在确定背景颜色之后，背景区域的宽度，即中间值和前景颜色极值之间的差异用于定义背景和前景区域之间的边缘，该边缘出现在背景的一半处 宽度从中间方向的背景颜色极限。 然后可以使用该边缘作为基准来确定阈值级别序列，通过将它们设置在边缘和背景颜色极端之间以分数不同的距离设置的点处。
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14.发明公开
公开(公告)号：EP0095560A3
公开(公告)日：1987-02-04
申请号：EP83102118
申请日：1983-03-04
IPC分类号： H04N07/13
摘要： in an image processing system, a method is shown for efficiently transmitting data representing picutre information in fields subsequent to a first field and for suppressing motion induced flicker in the processed image. Using previously processed first field data which is used to predict values for picture elements in subsequent fields, a gradient value is calculated which indicates relative picture activity. A difference value for the picture elements in the subsequent fields is calculated and is limited in magnitude by the gradient value for each picture element. The limited difference value is encoded as a function of previous difference value and transmitted to a remote location for decoding and picture reconstruction and display.
摘要翻译： 在图像处理系统中，示出了用于在第一场之后的场中有效地发送表示图像信息的数据并且用于抑制经处理的图像中的运动引起的闪烁的方法。 使用用于预测后续字段中的图像元素的先前处理的第一场数据，计算指示相对图像活动的梯度值。 计算后续字段中的图像元素的差值，并且在幅度上限制每个图像元素的梯度值。 有限差分值被编码为先前差值的函数，并被发送到远程位置用于解码和图像重建和显示。
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15.发明公开Method and apparatus for processing image data 失效Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bilddatenbearbeitung。
公开(公告)号：EP0188193A2
公开(公告)日：1986-07-23
申请号：EP86100035.4
申请日：1986-01-02
IPC分类号： H04N1/40
CPC分类号： G06T5/009 , G06T5/40 , H04N1/401 , H04N1/4074
摘要： A method and apparatus for processing images using gray scale techniques includes means (40) for obtaining a histogram of levels in an image; means (42) for analyzing said histogram to identify one or more ranges of background in said image; means (44, 48, 52) for converting each of said ranges of background to a constant value to achieve flat backgrounds in said image; means for generating a dynamic range expansion table for each image; means for correcting said image data for dynamic range compression due to coring during processing of said image data by reference to said dynamic range expansion table. The process may also include means for encoding (54) said processed image using gray scale encoding techniques, means (46) for filtering all nonbackground pixels in said image, means for generating for said image a shading correction for each pixel in said image; means for correcting each pixel for shading employing said shading correction generated for each pixel, means for determining if said image is a graphics image; means for generating a dynamic range expansion table for each graphics image; means for correcting said image data for dynamic range compression by reference to said dynamic range expansion table, means for creating a second table of values from parameters contained in said encoded image data; and means for translating decoded image pixel values by reference to said second table to correct for quantization noise.
摘要翻译： 用于使用灰度技术处理图像的方法和装置包括用于获得图像中的电平的直方图的装置（40） 用于分析所述直方图以识别所述图像中的一个或多个背景范围的装置（42） 用于将所述背景范围中的每一个转换为恒定值的装置（44,48,52）以实现所述图像中的平坦背景; 用于为每个图像生成动态范围扩展表的装置; 用于在通过参考所述动态范围扩展表处理所述图像数据期间由于取芯而校正所述图像数据以进行动态范围压缩的装置。 该过程还可以包括用于使用灰度编码技术对所述经处理的图像进行编码（54）的装置，用于对所述图像中的所有非背景像素进行滤波的装置（46），用于为所述图像生成所述图像中的每个像素的阴影校正的装置; 用于使用为每个像素生成的所述阴影校正来校正每个像素的阴影的装置，用于确定所述图像是否是图形图像的装置; 用于为每个图形图像生成动态范围扩展表的装置; 用于通过参考所述动态范围扩展表来校正用于动态范围压缩的所述图像数据的装置，用于从包含在所述编码图像数据中的参数创建第二值表的装置; 以及用于通过参考所述第二表格来解码图像像素值以校正量化噪声的装置。
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16.发明公开An improved method for converting a bit map of an image to a run lenght or run end representation 失效过程的执行的图像的位图的成游程长度或游程端表示。
公开(公告)号：EP0167023A2
公开(公告)日：1986-01-08
申请号：EP85107131.6
申请日：1985-06-11
发明人： Anderson, Karen Louise , Mitchell, Joan La Verne , Pennebaker, William Boone , Goertzel, Gerald
IPC分类号： H04N1/419
摘要： A method for converting an image from a bit map to a run end or run length representation includes the steps of : storing the image as a bit map representation; accessing for each byte in an image by a look-up table a selected routine, corresponding to such byte, from a number of routines for converting bit strings to run representations, wherein the look-up table accessed is selected in accordance with a color value of a preceding pixel binary bit; and executing the selected routine on the current byte to convert the bit string to a run representation; storing in a run representation buffer, as a count value, each run representation; repeating the above steps of accessing and executing for each byte and storing for each run of continuous color to the end of the image.
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17.发明公开Stabilization of probability estimates by conditioning on prior decisions of a given context 失效概率的稳定估计，通过调节先前决定在特定的上下文的基础上。
公开(公告)号：EP0622906A3
公开(公告)日：1996-05-08
申请号：EP94105942.0
申请日：1994-04-16
IPC分类号： H03M7/40
CPC分类号： G06T9/005 , H03M7/4006
摘要： A system and method involving a statistical conditioning technique that improves the coding efficiency in compression systems which have unstable statistical properties by conditioning the probability estimate for a given model context on prior decisions for that context thus enlarging the conditioning decision set. Instead of extending the model context by increasing the range of prior decisions in the pixel neighborhood, each model context is expanded into a set of two contexts which are the actual coding contexts. For a given probability estimation model context, the selection of a coding context index is done on the basis of the previous coding decision (1 or 0) for that model context. Thus, if a model context is assigned an index A, the coding context would be assigned an index 2*A + D(A)' , where D(A)' is the previous (immediately preceding) binary decision for model context A; the decision of which coding context to use turns on whether the model context was used most recently for coding a 1 or a 0. More generally, each model context index A is expanded into a set of 2**N coding context indices, where N is the number of previous decisions for model context index A used in the conditioning of, for example, an arithmetic coding decision. The addressing of the context expansion can be done in any way which expands the total number of contexts by a factor of 2**N. The index for a case where the expansion is by one decision bit may be 2*A + D(A)' , whereas in the case where the expansion is by two decision bits the index may be 4*A + 2*D(A)' + D(A)'' .
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18.发明公开System and method for suppressing blocking artifacts in decoded transform coded images 失效用于在解码变换编码图像中抑制阻塞装置的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：EP0585573A3
公开(公告)日：1994-07-13
申请号：EP93111201.5
申请日：1993-07-13
摘要： A system and method for image processing is disclosed wherein blocking artifacts are decreased or removed in regions of slowly varying intensity, i.e., low activity, in an image reproduction decoded from a transform coded image representation. The de-blocking procedure may be applied to JPEG DCT-based decoded images, and AC prediction is done selectively only in regions of low activity and only if the AC prediction is consistent with known decoded AC coefficient values of lower precision than the predicted values.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于图像处理的系统和方法，其中在从变换编码图像表示解码的图像再现中，在缓慢变化的强度（即，低活动性）的区域中减少或去除块伪影。 解块过程可以应用于基于JPEG DCT的解码图像，并且AC预测仅在低活动性的区域中进行，并且仅当AC预测与比预测值更低精度的已知解码的AC系数值一致时才完成。
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公开(公告)号：EP0431249A3
公开(公告)日：1992-05-13
申请号：EP90112642.5
申请日：1990-07-03
IPC分类号： G02F1/1335
CPC分类号： G02F1/133516
摘要： Apparatus and methods for the coating of different closely-spaced areas of an electrode member to produce a color filter matrix thereon. A thin translucent layer of electroconductive composition, such as ITO, is applied to isolated areas of the electrode substrate, and selected ones of said areas are charged to one polarity while the other closely-spaced areas are charged to an opposite polarity. Color material is introduced as fine droplets in a volatile vehicle, charged to said opposite polarity, for selective attraction to said selected areas and repulsion from all other areas. The procedure is repeated with different color material droplets for deposition on others of said closely-spaced areas to produce a multi-colored matrix filter, such as on the lower pel electrode or on the upper pixel common electrode of a LCD device. Preferably the ITO layer is coated with a thin polymer layer and the color material is a diffusible dye which is heat-diffused thereinto.
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20.发明公开Electrostatic deposition of LCD color filters 失效Verfahren zum elektrostatischen Anbringen von FarbfilternfürdieFlüssigkristallanzeige。
公开(公告)号：EP0431249A2
公开(公告)日：1991-06-12
申请号：EP90112642.5
申请日：1990-07-03
IPC分类号： G02F1/1335
CPC分类号： G02F1/133516
摘要： Apparatus and methods for the coating of different closely-spaced areas of an electrode member to produce a color filter matrix thereon. A thin translucent layer of electroconductive composition, such as ITO, is applied to isolated areas of the electrode substrate, and selected ones of said areas are charged to one polarity while the other closely-spaced areas are charged to an opposite polarity. Color material is introduced as fine droplets in a volatile vehicle, charged to said opposite polarity, for selective attraction to said selected areas and repulsion from all other areas. The procedure is repeated with different color material droplets for deposition on others of said closely-spaced areas to produce a multi-colored matrix filter, such as on the lower pel electrode or on the upper pixel common electrode of a LCD device.
Preferably the ITO layer is coated with a thin polymer layer and the color material is a diffusible dye which is heat-diffused thereinto.摘要翻译： 用于涂覆电极构件的不同紧密间隔区域以在其上产生滤色器矩阵的装置和方法。 将诸如ITO的导电组合物的薄的半透明层施加到电极基板的隔离区域，并且将所选区域中的所选区域充电为一个极性，而将其它紧密间隔的区域充电至相反的极性。 彩色材料作为细小液滴引入挥发性载体中，充电到所述相反的极性，用于选择性吸引所述选定区域并排斥所有其它区域。 用不同颜色的材料液滴重复该过程，以沉积在所述紧密间隔的区域中的其它区域上，以产生多色矩阵滤光器，例如在下部电极上或LCD装置的上部像素公共电极上。 优选地，ITO层涂覆有薄聚合物层，并且着色材料是热扩散到其中的可扩散染料。
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