摘要:
A two step process for the destruction of a precursor material using a steam plasma in a three zone reactor wherein the precursor material is hydrolyzed as a first step in the high temperature zone of the reactor, followed by a second step of medium temperature oxidation of the reactant stream in the combustion zone of the reactor where combustion oxygen or air is injected and immediate quenching of the resulting gas stream to avoid the formation of unwanted by-products. A related apparatus includes a non transferred direct current steam plasma torch, an externally cooled three zone steam plasma reactor means for introducing the precursor material into the plasma plume of the plasma torch, means for introducing the combustion air or oxygen into the combustion zone, means for exiting the reactant mixture from the reactor and means for quenching the reactant mixture located at the exit end of the reactor.
摘要:
A method of deactivating an explosive composition provided in an explosive cartridge, which method comprises exposing the explosive composition to a deactivating agent that renders the explosive composition insensitive to detonation, wherein the deactivating agent is a chemical.
摘要:
The present invention relates generally to the destruction of chemical weapons. In particular, the present invention relates to methods for treating hydrolysates of chemical agents. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method comprising oxidizing a hydrolysate of a chemical agent to produce an aqueous layer and an organic layer, the aqueous layer comprising an organophosphorus concentration and the organic layer comprising an organosulfur concentration, and separating the organic layer from the aqueous layer.
摘要:
A process for decomposing partially and/or completely halogenated hydrocarbons by reaction with water in the presence of a catalyst is characterised in that zeolite H-ZSM 5 with a SiO2/Al2O3 ratio (module) higher than 15 is used as catalyst.
摘要:
A method for rendering harmless chrysotile asbestos comprises wetting the asbestos fibers with an aqueous solution containing about 1 to 25 % by weight of a weak organic acid, such as trifluoroacetic acid. Optionally, the aqueous solution further comprises about 1 to 10 % by weight of a source of fluoride ions, such as ammonium fluoride. The weak acid solution hydrolyzes the magnesium oxide units in asbestos while the fluoride ions attack the interleaved silica layers in the crystal structure of asbestos, thereby destroying the fibrous nature of the asbestos.
摘要:
Ozone depleting fluorocarbon compounds (18) are dehalogenated through more economic reduction reaction with solvated electrons formed from lower equivalents of reactive metals (14) than previously used by reacting the partial reduction products with nitrogen-containing bases, such as ammonia (12) or alternatively, without any reactive metal by reacting with the base alone. Mixtures of fluorocarbon refrigerants including difficult-to-separate azeotropes of dichlorodifluoromethane contaminated with clorodifluoromethane are reclaimed by treating only with weak non-aqueous nitrogen-containing bases to provide essentially chemically pure dichlorodifluoromethanerefrigerant suitable for recycling/reuse. Hazardous cyanides which may develop are converted to relatively benign products during the process by introducing a base (22) to convert volatile cyanides to more stable salts which in turn are converted to useful compounds of lesser toxicity.
摘要:
Die Erfindung betrifft ein neues Verfahren zur Beseitigung von durch biologische und potentiell infektiöse Substanzen kontaminierten Abfällen, deren feste Komponenten im wesentlichen aus Kunststoffen bestehen, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Polyestern, Polylactiden, Polylactonen, Polycarbonaten und Gemischen davon, welches dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß man die Abfälle einer Behandlung unterzieht, die eine Inkubation in einem wäßrigen Medium in Gegenwart von Mikroorganismen oder/und ein Erhitzen in einem wäßrigen alkalischen Medium für eine ausreichende Zeitdauer umfaßt, um eine mindestens teilweise Auflösung der festen Kunststoffe zu bewirken.
摘要:
Es wird ein Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Aufarbeitung von Rückständen einer Chlorsilandestillation durch Hydrolyse mit Wasserdampf beschrieben. Die Hydrolyse erfolgt im Fall der kontinuierlichen Durchführung bei einer Anfangstemperatur von höchstens 160 °C und einer Endtemperatur von mindestens 170 °C. Im Fall der batchweisen Durchführung werden im Hydrolysereaktor bestimmte Wasserdampfmengen und Temperaturen eingestellt.