摘要:
An asymmetric membrane comprising a tubular polymer film in combination with a tubular braid on which the film is supported, requires the braid be macroporous and flexible, yet sufficiently strong to withstand continuous flexing, stretching and abrasion during use for microfiltration (MF) or ultrafiltration (UF). The specifications for a braid of a long-lived membrane are provided. A membrane is formed by supporting a polymer film in which particles of calcined α-alumina are dispersed, on the defined tubular braid.
摘要:
A membrane filtration device, for withdrawing permeate from a liquid substrate, includes a first solid body (41u); a second solid body (41b); and a plurality of hollow fiber membranes (42) potted in the solid bodies such that the peripheries of the membranes are bounded by an elongated rectangular shape and such that the membranes have open ends flush with or protruding from a permeate discharging face of one or both solid bodies. A permeate collection means (43u, 43b) is arranged to collect permeate in fluid communication with the permeate-discharging face of each solid body (41u, 41b) that has a permeate-discharging face. The membranes (42), the solid bodies (41u, 41b) and the permeate collection means (43u, 43b) together form a submersible assembly. The first solid body (41u) is upper and disposed in vertically spaced-apart relationship above the second solid body (41b). The opposed faces of the solid bodies (41u, 41b) are separated by a vertical distance and the membranes (42) have a length from 0.1% to less than 5% greater than the vertical distance between the opposed faces of the solid bodies (41u, 41b).
摘要:
A permeate collection assembly, that incorporates potted hollow fibre membranes (12), has a permeate collection means (120, 120b) with walls (111, 112, 121, 122). A solid mass of a potting material (101) has a first face and a second face. The potting material extends to and adhesively secures to the walls (111, 112, 121, 122) of the permeate collection means (120, 120b). The second face of the potting material (101) forms a permeate collection zone (128, 129) with the permeate collection means (120, 120b). A plurality of hollow fibre membranes (12) are sealed in the potting material (101). The membranes (12) extend from the first face of the potting material (101) and have open ends protruding from the second face of the potting material (101) into the permeate collection zone (128, 129). An air tube (103, 127) passes through the potting material (101), the air tube (103, 127) having a first end protruding from the first face of the potting material (101) and a second end in communication with a plenum or manifold (107) through which a gas can be supplied.
摘要:
A permeate collection assembly, that incorporates potted hollow fibre membranes (12), has a permeate collection means (120, 120b) with walls (111, 112, 121, 122). A solid mass of a potting material (101) has a first face and a second face. The potting material extends to and adhesively secures to the walls (111, 112, 121, 122) of the permeate collection means (120, 120b). The second face of the potting material (101) forms a permeate collection zone (128, 129) with the permeate collection means (120, 120b). A plurality of hollow fibre membranes (12) are sealed in the potting material (101). The membranes (12) extend from the first face of the potting material (101) and have open ends protruding from the second face of the potting material (101) into the permeate collection zone (128, 129). An air tube (103, 127) passes through the potting material (101), the air tube (103, 127) having a first end protruding from the first face of the potting material (101) and a second end in communication with a plenum or manifold (107) through which a gas can be supplied.
摘要:
A process for operating filtering membranes submerged in a tank involves, in one aspect, periodically deconcentrating the tank by at least partially emptying and refilling the tank with fresh water while permeation continues. In another aspect, long trains of membrane modules are placed in series along a flow path in the tank. In one embodiment, constant aeration is provided to prevent tank water from by-passing the membrane modules while proving controlled mixing such that the average concentration of solids in the tank is lower than the concentration of solids in the tank near an outlet for removing retentate from the tank. In another embodiment, the membrane modules are arranged in a series of filtration zones between a feed water inlet and a retentate outlet of a tank. Permeate is withdrawn from the filtration zones by separate means associated with each filtration zone. Tank water containing rejected solids flows in a tank flow through the filtration zones, increasing in concentration from one zone to the next. A preferred membrane module has membranes transverse to the tank flow and fills a substantial portion of each filtration zone. With either embodiment, aeration, backwashing or packing density of membranes varies between filtration zones and the flow pattern in the tank may be periodically reversed.
摘要:
A method for stretching a hollow fibre while making a stretched filtering membrane from a precursor involves wrapping the hollow fibre around a structure and modifying the structure such that at least portions of the hollow fibre are forced to elongated. For example, the hollow fibre may be wrapped around two or more supports and the distance between adjacent supports increased. This produces first portions of the hollow fibre stretched to a first elongation and porous to a first porosity and second portions of the hollow fibre that are not stretched or are stretched to a second elongation less than the first elongation and that remain non-porous or become porous to a second porosity which is less than the first porosity. The membrane may be made into a module with second portions of the membranes located at points where the membranes exit the potting material or at turns in loops of the fibres, if any. In various embodiments, the fibre is potted into modules before or after it is stretched. Some methods of potting involve applying a hot melt adhesive to the second portions. Some embodiments are made entirely of thermoplastic material and can be easily recycled.
摘要:
A process for supplying bubbles from an aerator 238 to a filtering membrane 23 immersed in a tank containing water 18 comprises the steps of:
causing gas to flow to the aerator 238 to produce bubbles 36 from the aerator which contact the filtering membrane; and periodically reducing the pressure in the aerator so that water in the tank enters the aerator and wets solids accumulated in the aerator.
In this way solids can be prevented from accumulating in the aerators.
摘要:
An apparatus is described for cleaning or inhibiting the fouling of a plurality of membrane modules 20 immersed in tank water 18 in a tank 12. Air is supplied through aerators 38 to produce a flow of bubbles 36 effective to clean or inhibit fouling of the membrane modules. The flow of air is alternated between a higher flow rate and a lower flow rate, the lower flow rate being less than one half of the higher flow rate, in repeated cycles of not more than 120 seconds in duration while the permeate is withdrawn through the membrane modules 20. This produces transient flow conditions in the tank water 18, the tank water 18 being accelerated or decelerated for much of each cycle so that it is rarely in a steady state during permeation. This gives rise to efficient cleaning of the membranes without overloading the aerator system. The flow rates are controlled by a set of valves 254 and a controller 256.
摘要:
To pot membranes in a header, a dense, viscous liquid, suspension or, preferably, a thixotropic, water soluble gel, is placed in a header pan in space reserved for a permeate channel. A plurality of hollow fibre membranes are collected together and their open ends are inserted into the gel. A fixing liquid, typically a resin, is placed over the gel. The fixing liquid surrounds each membrane and then solidifies, simultaneously sealing the outer surfaces of the membranes and forming a plug in the opening of the header to complete the permeate channel. After the fixing liquid has solidified, the gel is removed by various means. The space initially occupied by the gel becomes part of the permeate channel after the gel is removed. In one embodiment, membranes are grouped by a cushioning adhesive which later surrounds the membranes where they exit the completed header.