Abstract:
A method and apparatus to monitor the enantiomeric excess of chiral molecules participating in a chemical reaction. The method includes real time monitoring of the chemical reaction by obtaining a VCD spectra and an IR spectra of the chemical compounds in the reaction, and manipulating the spectra to obtain a % EE value. Using such real time information, the reaction parameters can be changed to shift the reaction to produce more of one chiral molecule than another.
Abstract:
The invention provides a highly sensitive measurement of retardance and slow axis orientation, accurately and instantaneously, across a full two-dimensional image. There are no moving parts and there need not be any electro-optic tuning as part of the meas urement. It is ideally adapted to real-time imaging and is well-suited to use with biological and medical samples, including visualizing structures in oocytes. The invention splits a light beam (109) nto several beams, which are analyzed using elliptical pola rizers (111a-111c)and the resultant intensity is measured. It can be constructed using a single pixilated detector(116), or sever al detectors, to achieve high spatial resolution when this is desired.
Abstract:
A polarization modulation photoreflectance technique has been developed for optical characterization of semiconductor quantum confined structures. By using a tunable laser source in conjunction with polarization state modulation, a single beam modulation spectroscopy technique may be used to characterize the optical response of semiconductor materials and structures. Disclosed methods and instruments are suitable for characterization of optical signatures of quantum electronic confinement, including resolution of excitonic states at the band edge or other direct or indirect critical points in the band structure. This allows for characterization of semiconductor quantum well structures, for characterization of strain in semiconductor films, and for characterization of electric fields at semiconductor interfaces.
Abstract:
A polarizing element is disclosed which includes a smooth glass substrate and a polarization layer formed thereon, the polarization layer having polarization characteristics for the incident light. The polarization layer is made of a carbon-based substance including carbon atoms. The carbon atoms are continuously connected via carbon-carbon double bonds having [pi] electron clouds. The [pi] electron clouds have average continuous distance of 100 nm or more in a longitudinal direction and have an average continuous distance less than 50 nm in a transverse direction. The carbon-based substance is formed in such a way that a plurality of the [pi] electron clouds have longitudinal directions which are in parallel along the glass-substrate surface.
Abstract:
Apparatus for acquiring an image of a specimen comprising a cassette (300, 302a, 302b) having an optical portion (312) holding a specimen array on a TIR surface (314) and being removably matable to a processing portion having a polarized light beam source and a processing polarization sensitive portion to image the spatially distributed charges in polarization of the specimen array. In one form the array optical portion comprises a transparent slide (312) having a bottom surface with first and second gratings located to direct polarized light to the TIR surface (314) and to direct light reflected by that (TIR) surface to an imager, respectively. The apparatus may include a flow cell (316) integral with the optical portion (312) as well as means for selecting the direction and wavelength of the polarized light.
Abstract:
A curing lamp apparatus is used for providing electronic voice information to report a number of operating conditions associated with the curing lamp (40). The apparatus includes a light sensor for sensing output power (240), voltage and current sensors for sensing input power (45-48), a microcontroller for providing a digital number in response to receiving signals from one or more sensors (70), a programmed voice circuit for retrieving a voice message signal from a memory (140), address associated with the digital number (110), and a transducer for receiving and audibly reproducing the voice message signal (130).
Abstract:
Provided are systems and methods using a Soleil-Babinet compensator (101) as a standard for calibrating birefringence measurement systems. Highly precise and repeatable calibration is accomplished by the method described here because, among other things, the inventive method accounts for variations of retardance across the surface of the Soleil-Babinet compensator (101). The calibration technique described here may be employed in birefringence measurement systems that have a variety of optical setups for measuring a range of retardation levels and at various frequencies of light sources.
Abstract:
A video imaging device includes a light source (2), a detector (36), and an optical polarization system (6, 38) for video imaging of superfical biological tissue layers (26, 32). The device relies on taking a set of measurements at different polarization orientations so as to render a new image that is independent of the light (22) reflected from the surface (12) of a tissue sample (14) and that is independent of the light (34) scattered from deep tissue layers (32).
Abstract:
The degree of polarization of an optical signal is measured by a polarimeter and used for providing a feedback signal to adjust adaptive optics of a polarization mode dispersion compensator. The polarization properties of the polarimeter are determined with high accuracy to match the polarimeter through calibration and used to produce the feedback signal.
Abstract:
Stress-induced photoelastic birefringence compensates for intrinsic birefringence of cubic crystalline structures (12) in deep ultraviolet (less than 200 nm) microlithographic imaging systems (10). Both the photoelastic birefringence and the intrinsic birefringence are expressed in a tensor format simplified by the symmetries of cubic crystalline structures. The stress-induced photoelastic birefringence can be sized to individually compensate for intrinsic birefringence exhibited in the same optical elements or preferably to collectively compensate for the cumulative effects of intrinsic birefringence in other optical elements in the lithography system.