摘要:
A process and apparatus for fluidized catalytic cracking of heavy oils is disclosed using a modified high efficiency catalyst regenerator. A fast fluidized bed coke combustor, which is essentially free of gas/catalyst separation means, partially regenerates catalyst and discharges a steam laden flue gas and catalyst into a dilute phase transport riser. Closed cyclones separate catalyst from steam laden flue gas exiting the transport riser outlet. This flue gas is isolated from a second fluidized bed of catalyst maintained in a vessel containing the transport riser and closed cyclones. Coke combustion in the drier region of the second fluidized bed is possible. Catalyst deactivates less in the second fluidized bed because it is drier.
摘要:
A fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process and apparatus for elutriatable catalyst mixtures. An additive, preferably comprising intermediate pore zeolites, such as ZSM-5⁻, and conventional FCC catalyst are used. An elutriating stripper separates the catalyst mixture. The additive is recycled to the FCC reactor. The conventional catalyst passes to a regenerator and then to the FCC reactor. The elutriating stripper employs a vessel and concentric cylinders forming an annular space.
摘要:
Crude aqueous ethanol feedstock is reacted with iso-olefinic hydrocarbons to produce C₆+ ethyl t-alkyl ethers by distilling the feedstock, contacting ethanol rich distillate overhead containing a minor amount of water with a liquid hydrocarbon extractant rich in C₄+ isoalkene under liquid extraction conditions, recovering an aqueous phase containing water introduced from the overhead, recovering an organic extract phase comprising the hydrocarbon extractant and a major amount of ethanol introduced in the feedstock, and reacting the extracted ethanol and C₄+ isoalkene in contact with an acid etherification catalyst under catalytic reaction conditions to produce ether product.