摘要:
Included are a testing step (S1) for determining the relation between the shear stress amplitude of a rolling contact metallic material and the number of loading by means of an ultrasonic torsional fatigue test, and a shear fatigue strength determining step (S2) for determining the shear fatigue strength τ lim within the ultra long life regime from the relation between the shear stress amplitude and the number of loadings, which relation has been determined during the test step (S1), in accordance with a predetermined standard. It is a completely reversed torsional fatigue test, in which torsional vibrations, respective torsions in the positive rotational direction and reversed rotational direction of which are symmetrical relative to each other, are applied to a test piece (1).
摘要:
A gyratory compactor apparatus is provided for interacting with a sample within a generally cylindrical mold having a flange. Such an apparatus comprises a frame defining an axis and an offsetable member engaged with the frame for engaging one end of the mold. The offsetable member is displaceable from the axis and is concurrently movable in an orbital motion thereabout. A pressure ram is movable along the axis and a mold-engaging device is engaged with the frame for receiving the mold such that the mold and frame axes are coaxial. The pressure ram is axially movable within the mold to apply a compaction pressure on the sample, and thereby maintains a portion of the mold at a gyration point along the frame axis. The mold-engaging device axially moves the mold into engagement with the offsetable member. A securing device engaged with the offsetable member and movable therewith reversibly engages the mold to secure the mold to the offsetable member as the secured end is moved in the orbital motion by the offsetable member. The mold is thereby gyrated and dynamically maintained at a gyration angle. Associated apparatuses, devices, and methods are also provided.
摘要:
The invention relates to the determination of the dynamic elastic modulus of a material, such as a material comprising a mineral binder like cement, or gypsum, or the like, or a polymer, or ceramic, preferably mortar or concrete, in particular shotcrete, using sound, preferably ultrasound waves which penetrate the material and are continuously measured and analyzed. In particular, the invention relates to an apparatus, to a measuring device, and to a method for determining the dynamic elastic modulus of a material using the apparatus.
摘要:
An apparatus and method are disclosed for measuring or analyzing dynamic and static sag caused by settling of weighting materials in drilling fluids or other solids bearing fluid. The apparatus comprises a tube and shear shaft assembly (30) that allows for a controlled rate of shear to be applied to a sample of the fluid for testing. During a test, the assembly is placed on a pivotal holder (1) at an angle. The assembly has pistons (9) at the pivot center of the assembly which accommodate expansion and contraction of the test fluid due to changes in temperature and pressure, thereby allowing the test fluid to be heated, cooled and pressurized to simulate subterranean wellbore conditions without changing the center of mass of the test fluid. When weight material settles down the inclined assembly, the center of mass of the assembly changes resulting in changing torque or moment about the pivotal holder. The resultant moment is measured by energizing external coils (42) arranged to provide a uniform magnetic field. The bulk average settling rate is determined using the measured coil current rate of change.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for determining the stability of dispersions and emulsions (100, 10N) accelerates the onset of significant particle agglomeration in a sample by stressing the sample by reducing the height of the interparticle potential energy barrier between the particles. This is achieved by adding one or more of three stress factors (111, 11N): changing the pH of the sample to reduce the surface charge on the particles; adding an adsorbing electrolyte so that ions of the appropriate charge are adsorbed onto the surfaces of the particles to reduce the net charge on the particles; and applying a monovalent, divalent, or trivalent salt to partially screen electrostatic repulsions between the charged particles. In a preferred embodiment, the increase in agglomeration is detected with single particle detection, such as SPOS, to generate a PSD (12) from which a figure of merit (16) is derived. Another embodiment detects turbidity or light scattering to generate a value X indicative of the extent of agglomeration.
摘要:
Druck-Schubanlage zur Durchführung von Belastungsversuchen an einem Flugzeugbauteil, wobei die Einleitung der Drucklast in das Flugzeugbauteil durch einen Krafteinleitungstisch erfolgt, der mit einem gerüstseitigen Widerlager das Flugzeugbauteil umfasst und der von einem kraftgeregelten Hydraulikzylinder in vorzugsweise vertikaler Richtung des Widerlagers bewegt wird. Die vorzugsweise vertikalen Schublasten werden über zwei parallel zum Flugzeugbauteil angeordnete, in ihrer Wirkrichtung gegensätzliche Schubbalken mit integrierten Hydraulikzylindern derart in das Flugzeugbauteil eingeleitet, dass die Druck- und Schublasten in gleicher Richtung wirken und über getrennt regelbare Elemente aufgebracht werden. Hierzu wird die nach oben wirkende vertikale Schubkraft durch einen oberhalb einer als Widerlager wirkenden Druckplatte angeordneten kraftgeregelten Hydraulikzylinder derart aufgebracht, dass eine horizontal verstellbare Lagerung des Hydraulikzylinders auf einen mit der Druckplatte zusammenwirkenden Kopfrahmen erfolgt sowie zwei seitlich geführte Zuganker die Kraftübertragung auf den Schubbalken übernehmen. Die nach unten wirkende vertikale Schubkraft wird durch zwei seitlich am zugehörigen Schubbalken angelenkte kraftgeregelte Hydraulikzylinder aufgebracht, die sich direkt an der Druckplatte abstützen sowie an der Konsole des in den Schubbalken integrierten Hydraulikzylinders drehbeweglich gelagert sind.
摘要:
An apparatus and method are disclosed for measuring or analyzing dynamic and static sag caused by settling of weighting materials in drilling fluids or other solids bearing fluid. The apparatus comprises a tube and shear shaft assembly (30) that allows for a controlled rate of shear to be applied to a sample of the fluid for testing. During a test, the assembly is placed on a pivotal holder (1) at an angle. The assembly has pistons (9) at the pivot center of the assembly which accommodate expansion and contraction of the test fluid due to changes in temperature and pressure, thereby allowing the test fluid to be heated, cooled and pressurized to simulate subterranean wellbore conditions without changing the center of mass of the test fluid. When weight material settles down the inclined assembly, the center of mass of the assembly changes resulting in changing torque or moment about the pivotal holder. The resultant moment is measured by energizing external coils (42) arranged to provide a uniform magnetic field. The bulk average settling rate is determined using the measured coil current rate of change.
摘要:
A coating adhesive strength and shear strength measuring apparatus which can measure both the adhesive strength and the shear strength of the coating of a test piece comprises a vertical pressure sensor (15) linked at one end to a guide shaft (14) which is movable in two, vertical and parallel, directions relative to the coating surface of a test piece (S), while a parallel pressure sensor (17) is linked at its first end by a link (16) to the other end of the vertical pressure sensor (15), the second end of the parallel pressure sensor (17) being linked to a cutting knife (18) such that, as the coating of the test piece (S) is sliced with the cutting knife (18), the vertical pressure and the parallel pressure exerted on the cutting knife (18) can be measured.