摘要:
A disc-shaped information carrier (1) with a substrate (3) and an information layer (5) which comprises optically readable elementary marks having a substantially uniform density. The information layer (5) comprises a first portion (11) suitable for being read out at a first read-out speed and a second portion (13) suitable for being read out at a second read-out speed higher than the first read-out speed. According to the invention, the second portion (13) of the information layer (5) is at a greater distance to a center (7) of the disc-shaped information carrier (1) than is the first portion (11) of the information layer (5). A range of rotational speeds which an optical read-out unit must have for a full and correct read-out of the information carrier (1) is reduced in this manner. In a special embodiment, the first portion (11) of the information layer (5) comprises a first version of an audio recording provided on the information layer (5) by the DSD transformation method, whereas the second portion (13) of the information layer (5) comprises a second version of this same audio recording provided on the information layer (5) by the PCM transformation method.
摘要:
A separator device (3) provided with a cyclone chamber (11, 79) for separating solid and/or liquid particles from a gas flow. The cyclone chamber (11, 79) has an upper wall (49) in which an outlet opening (15) is present, and a substantially rotationally symmetrical side wall (47, 81) in which an inlet opening (13) is present adjacent the upper wall (49). A discharge opening (17, 85) for the separated solid and/or liquid particles is present at a side (55, 83) of the cyclone chamber (11, 79) remote from the upper wall (49). According to the invention, a rotatable annular centrifugal unit (61, 87) is arranged in the cyclone chamber (11, 79) around the outlet opening (15) near the upper wall (49), by means of which unit a short-circuit flow running directly from the inlet opening (13) to the outlet opening (15) in the cyclone chamber (11, 79) is prevented. The efficiency of the separator device (3) is considerably improved thereby. In a first embodiment, the centrifugal unit (61) comprises a rotatable annular disc (65) positioned adjacent and parallel to the upper wall (49). In a second embodiment, the centrifugal unit (87) comprises a rotatable rim of blades (89) which is partly countersunk into a recess (95) in the upper wall (49). The separator device (3) can be used in a cyclone vacuum cleaner (1).
摘要:
The invention relates to a device for actuating a control member, particularly a throttle valve (4) in a gas conduit (3), such as for example an intake of an internal-combustion engine, which valve is pivotable into operating positions by means of a valve shaft (5), an actuator (11a) being provided, which actuator consists of a rotor body, serving as an actuator body (9) and arranged on the valve shaft (5), and of an electrically energisable excitation section (11), which cooperates with said rotor body, and a position sensor (20) detecting angular positions of the valve shaft (5), which sensor comprises an angular-position generator (9, 22) and an angular-position detector (23), which are associated with one another and of which one of the two is mounted so as to be rotatable, the valve shaft (5) itself being constructed to carry the angular-position generator (9, 22) or angular-position detector (23), and the associated part of the position sensor (20) being stationarily mounted on the housing (2) of the device.
摘要:
A vacuum cleaner with a suction nozzle (11) which is coupled to a handle (15) on which a user of the vacuum cleaner can exert a pushing or pulling force (FG) for moving the suction nozzle (11) over a surface (5) to be cleaned. The suction nozzle (11) is provided with electrical drive means (29) for exerting a driving force (FD) on the suction nozzle (11), such that the pushing or pulling force (FG) to be exerted by the user is limited. According to the invention, the vacuum cleaner comprises a detector (51, 81) capable of measuring the pushing or pulling force (FG) exerted on the handle (15) and an electrical controller (57) for controlling the driving force (FD) as a function of the measured pushing or pulling force (FG). The controller (57) controls the driving force (FD) in such a manner, for example, that the measured pushing or pulling force (FG) remains substantially zero. It is thus possible for the user to move the suction nozzle (11) effortlessly over the surface (5) to be cleaned. In a special embodiment, the handle (15) is coupled to the suction nozzle (11) by means of an elastically deformable coupling member (41, 69), while the detector (51, 81) comprises a position sensor (53, 83) for measuring a position of the handle (15) with respect to the suction nozzle (11).
摘要:
The positioning mechanism has a force actuator system controlled by an electric controller, and which exerts a compensation force on the frame (45) during operation. The force has a mechanical moment about a reference point of the frame. This moment has a value equal to a value of a mechanical moment of a force of gravity acting on the object table (5) about the reference point, and a direction opposed to a direction of the mechanical moment of the force of gravity.
摘要:
An engine throttle is controllably positioned by an electric motor which is coupled to the throttle through engaged, first and second, variable-radius scroll gears. The motor works against the force of a throttle return spring, and this force increases as the throttle is driven away from a fail-safe position. By choosing the variation of the ratio of the scroll gear radii to match the variation of the force developed by the spring with throttle position, a constant driving torque produced by the motor will overcome the increasing torque produced by the spring.
摘要:
An electric motor includes a rotor having at one end a plastic journal bearing which is rotatably supported in an annular portion of a metallic bearing member secured in an integrally-moulded bearing support part of a stator. This part is moulded to provide axially adjacent first and second cylindrical bores. The annular portion of the metallic bearing member is interference fitted into the first bore and has a plurality of angularly-spaced locking tabs which pierce respective sidewall portions of the second bore.
摘要:
A device (1, 101) for the exchange of information with an electronic memory card (7) which can be placed into a read position in the device (1, 101) through an insertion opening (5) along an insertion track (47), in which position electrical contacts (59) of the memory card (7) are in contact with electrical contacts (33) of the device (1, 101) provided on a carrier (31) which is displaceable transversely to the insertion track (47). In the absence of the memory card (7), the contacts (33) are situated in the insertion track (47) under the influence of a pretensioning force. The carrier (31) has an abutment surface (61) which extends obliquely relative to the insertion track (47) so that the carrier (31) can be displaced out of the insertion track (47) by the memory card (7) against the pretensioning force during the passage of the memory card (7). In the read position of the memory card (7), accordingly, the carrier (31) is in a position which is adapted to the thickness of the memory card (7), so that the device (1, 101) is suitable for cooperating with memory cards of various thicknesses. The device (1, 101) may be used, for example, in a car radio (77, 103) for cooperating with a safety card protecting against theft of the car radio (77, 103). In a special embodiment, the device (1, 101) is fastened to a printed circuit board (85) of the car radio (77, 103), the carrier (31) being arranged in an opening (27) in an upper plate (17) of the device (1, 101) and in an adjoining further opening (93) in the printed circuit board (85), so that the compartment space required by the device (1, 101) in the car radio (77, 103) is negligibly small.
摘要:
A vacuum cleaner with a housing (1) in which a dust chamber (17) and a motor chamber (13) are accommodated, the motor chamber (13) being connected to the dust chamber (17) via a motor inlet (15). The housing (1) comprises a lower housing part (37) and an upper housing part (39). According to the invention, the dust chamber (17) is present at a side (43) of the upper housing part (39) which faces away from the lower housing part (37), and the dust chamber (17) is bounded by a depression (41) in the upper housing part (39) which faces the lower housing part (37). The motor chamber (13) comprises a chamber (45) of the upper housing part (39) which is present at a side (49) of the upper housing part (39) which faces the lower housing part (37). Said depression (41) defines an unmoulding direction (X) of the upper housing part (39), said chamber (45) having an unmoulding direction (X') which is parallel to the unmoulding direction (X) of the upper housing part (39), while the motor inlet (15) is provided in the upper housing part (39) and extends in a plane which intersects the unmoulding direction (X). The upper housing part (39) and the lower housing part (37) can be manufactured by means of an injection moulding process with a minimum number of auxiliary mould pieces or inserts, the lower housing part (37) being of a very simple construction.
摘要:
A control unit (75) for controlling a first state variable of a system, for example an angle of rotation ζ of a throttle valve (7) in a throttle device for use in an internal-combustion engine, the system being influenced by a disturbance variable during operation, for example an oscillating loading torque caused by air-flow fluctuations in the throttle device. The control unit (75) comprises a disturbance observer (125) for calculating a value of the disturbance variable on the basis of a mathematical model of the system, and a disturbance predictor (128) for predicting a value of the disturbance variable for a second point in time which follows a first point in time at which said value in calculated by the disturbance observer (125) by a predetermined time interval. In this manner, a phase shift between the disturbance variable actually influencing the system and a compensation for the disturbance variable realized by the system is prevented at high frequencies of the disturbance variable. In a particular embodiment, the disturbance predictor (128) comprises an artificial neural network (207) having a learning phase and a test phase. In a further embodiment, the disturbance predictor (128) supplies a signal corresponding to the value of the disturbance variable calculated by the disturbance observer (125) when the neural network (207) is in the learning phase, and a signal corresponding to the value of the disturbance variable predicted for the second point in time when the neural network (207) is in the test phase.