摘要:
A start-up transition process is disclosed for a fuel cell system operation state, which includes utilization of predefined first and second temperature limits for the fuel cells, specifying a low temperature operating state of cells below the first limit, at which presence of carbonaceous species at the cells is precluded, a transition temperature range of cells above the first and below the second limit at which fuel flow supply is initiated to the fuel system in a mixture with air, combined with anode tail gas recirculated at a recirculation rate over 70, and an intermediate temperature operating state of the cells above the second temperature limit, at which free oxygen at the anodes.
摘要:
The object of the invention is a method to accomplish information of enthalpy flows on the basis of formed enthalpy feed in flow information to provide enthalpy balance information of the fuel cell system by summing information of enthalpy flows, and by detecting that sum of summed information of enthalpy flows is zero or essentially near to zero. In the method first methane content information of the fuel feed (117) is being determined on the basis of obtained at least one of fuel input enthalpy information and fuel input concentration information, and second methane content information of the fuel feed being determined on the basis of the provided enthalpy balance information. In the method is determined leakage level information of the fuel cell system on the basis of differences between the first and second methane content information, and is performed more accurate control of the fuel cell system on the basis of said determined leakage level information.
摘要:
An object of the invention is an arrangement, which comprises means (125) for measuring temperature in the afterburner (123) or substantially near the afterburner (123) to form afterburner temperature change information, means (127) for determining information on consumed fuel amount in the fuel cells (103) on the basis of the current information, means for determining information on air amount in the afterburner (123), means (133) for determining residual enthalpy change information on the basis of said afterburner temperature change information, said information on air amount in the afterburner, and on the basis of said information on consumed fuel amount in the fuel cells. The means (120) for obtaining at least one of fuel input enthalpy information and fuel input concentration information on the basis of the determined residual enthalpy change information, said means (120) being configured to determine methane content information of the fuel feed (117) by utilizing said obtained at least one of fuel input enthalpy information and fuel input concentration information.
摘要:
An exemplary cooling arrangement for high temperature fuel cell system for substantially reducing the amount of purge gas in a system shutdown situation includes a fuel cell having an anode side, a cathode side, and an electrolyte between the anode side and the cathode side. The cooling arrangement includes a coolant source capable of providing coolant to be used in a cooling process of the high temperature fuel cell system during the system shutdown situation, and a cooling structure in connection with the coolant source arranged in a thermal effect area of the fuel cell stacks. The arrangement also includes the vessel that feeds the coolant into the cooling structure from the coolant source, a heat exchanger that exhausts used coolant from the cooling structure, and an actuating device that uses a triggering force to trigger a coolant flow in the cooling structure, when the system shutdown situation has started.
摘要:
An object of the invention is a recirculated solid oxide electrolyzer cell system, a cell comprising a fuel side (100), an oxygen rich side (102), and an electrolyte element (104) between the fuel side and the oxygen rich side. The system comprises at least one supersonic ejector (120) configured for recirculating (109) a fraction of gas exhausted from the fuel side (100) of each cell and for providing a desired recirculation flow rate of recirculated flow, the ejector having at least one nozzle (122); means (124) for providing at least one primary feedstock fuel fluid to said nozzle of the ejector (120), which nozzle has a convergent-divergent flow channel through which the fluid will expand from an initial higher pressure to a lower pressure; wherein the ejector (120) and possible sources of leakage are contained within structures (144) conveying non-explosive reactant to form leakage and explosive safe structure, and the system comprises a nested arrangement for at least one feed-in route (124) and an exhaust route, the arrangement being nested within the structure (144) conveying non-explosive reactant, and a trim heater (148) arranged within the structures (144) to provide heat to both fuel side (100) and oxygen rich side (102) flows.
摘要:
An object of the invention is a recirculated solid oxide electrolyzer cell system, a cell comprising a fuel side (100), an oxygen rich side (102), and an electrolyte element (104) between the fuel side and the oxygen rich side. The system comprises at least one supersonic ejector (120) configured for recirculating (109) a fraction of gas exhausted from the fuel side (100) of each cell and for providing a desired recirculation flow rate of recirculated flow, the ejector having at least one nozzle (122); means (124) for providing at least one primary feedstock fuel fluid to said nozzle of the ejector (120), which nozzle has a convergent-divergent flow channel through which the fluid will expand from an initial higher pressure to a lower pressure; wherein the ejector (120) and possible sources of leakage are contained within structures (144) conveying non-explosive reactant to form leakage and explosive safe structure, and the system comprises a nested arrangement for at least one feed-in route (124) and an exhaust route, the arrangement being nested within the structure (144) conveying non-explosive reactant, and a trim heater (148) arranged within the structures (144) to provide heat to both fuel side (100) and oxygen rich side (102) flows.