摘要:
Apparatus is provided for securing the integrity of a functioning system. The apparatus comprises a primary device for performing a function having a first vulnerability and a secondary device having a second vulnerability which is identical to the first vulnerability of the primary device. The secondary device is adapted to secure the function performed by the primary device in response to activity breaching the second vulnerability.
摘要:
A video syntax parser (40) is provided for a video decompression processor (20). A compressed bitstream (106) is examined until a start code (100) is located. The start code (100) is decoded to enable a particular parser state corresponding thereto to be initiated. The parser state is communicated to a plurality of subsystems (36, 42, 44, 46, 48, 52, 54, 56) of the video decompression processor (20). Each subsystem monitors the parser state to determine which parsed data following the start code, if any, is intended for that subsystem. The subsystem then retrieves the parsed data it requires via a data bus (58) which receives the parsed data from the parser (40).
摘要:
A random access memory (22) of a digital video decompression processor (20) is mapped to enable the reconstruction of successive video frames of pixel data represented by a compressed video bitstream. A FIFO buffer (86) is provided in the RAM for the compressed video bitstream. A first luminance anchor frame buffer (70) and a first chrominance anchor frame buffer (74) are provided for storing a full frame of luminance data and a full frame of chrominance data for a first anchor frame used to predict B-frames. A second luminance anchor frame buffer (76) and second chrominance anchor frame buffer (78) are provided for storing a full frame of luminance data and a full frame of chrominance data for a second anchor frame used to predict the B-frames. A first B-frame luminance buffer (80) is provided in the RAM and sized to store less than 100% of the amount of luminance data in a first B-frame field. A second B-frame luminance buffer (82) is provided in the RAM and sized to store at least 100% of the amount of luminance data in a second B-frame field. A B-frame chrominance buffer (84) is provided in the RAM to store at least 100% of the amount of chrominance data in a B-frame. The anchor frames and B-frames are read from the RAM (22) to enable the reconstruction of successive video frames. The memory mapping is particularly well suited for the decompression of PAL formatted video in an MPEG-2 decoder.
摘要:
A phase modulator is provided in an externally modulated, feed-forward linearized, analog cable television (CATV) link for reducing fiber-induced composite second order (CSO) distortion components. The system is compatible with existing commercially available modulators. CSO distortion is caused, in part, by self-phase modulation of the transmitted signal in the fiber optic link. The problem is particularly prevalent when data is transmitted at a wavelength other than the minimum dispersion wavelength of the fiber. Moreover, CSO distortion increases with the length of the fiber optic link and with the optical intensity modulation index of the primary modulator of the link. The phase modulator modulates an optical signal which is provided to the primary modulator in accordance with an optical phase modulation index k of an RF data signal to be transmitted. The phase modulator is effective with fiber optic links of varying lengths which carry amplitude-modulated vestigial sideband (AM-VSB) data signals such as cable television (CATV) signals.
摘要:
Disparity estimation between the right and left view pixel luminance values in a stereoscopic video signal is optimized by determining the minimum least-square-error between macroblocks of the right and left view pictures. Affine transform coefficients and disparity vectors which correspond to the minimum error are also determined and transmitted in the data stream for use by a decoder in reconstructing the right view picture. The scheme can be implemented either locally, at the macroblock level, or globally, at the picture level. At the macroblock level, least-square-error optimization may occur for each individual macroblock in the right view picture. In this case, affine transform coefficients are provided for each macroblock. At the picture level, the sum of the least-square-errors is minimized after the blocks of the right view picture are matched to the left view picture. In this case, only one set of affine transform coefficients are required for the entire right view picture. Or, block matching between an affinely transformed left view picture and the right view picture may be performed after minimizing the sum of the least-square-errors. The scheme is particularly useful in minimizing the effects of cross-channel luminance imbalances due to camera variations and scenes with significant changes in brightness or contrast, and is compatible with stereoscopic video systems such as the MPEG Multi-view Profile (MVP) system.
摘要:
Rate control in a stereoscopic digital video communication system is accomplished by modifying the quantization level of P or B-frame data in the enhancement layer depending on whether the frame is temporally predicted (from the same layer) or disparity predicted (from the opposite layer). The invention can maintain a consistent image quality by providing additional quantization bits for disparity-predicted P-pictures, for example, where a P-frame may be encoded from a B-frame in the enhancement layer. The selected quantization level corresponds to an overall bit rate requirement of the enhancement layer. For disparity predicted P-frames, the quantization step size is modified according to the activity level of the frame being encoded in the enhancement layer, or of the reference frame, whichever is greater. Also, image quality is improved and frame freeze up is prevented during editing modes such as fast forward and fast rewind which require random access to the picture data. When the reference frame in the base layer is the first frame of a group of pictures (GOP), the corresponding enhancement layer frame will be encoded as an I or P frame instead of as a B frame to improve image quality and eliminate or reduce error propagation during random access.