摘要:
A device 31 is provided with a housing 33 and a movable unit 35 present therein. The space 7 between the inside 33b of the housing and the outside 35b of the movable unit is filled with gas having a pressure higher than the ambient pressure. By increasing the gas pressure in the space, more heat is transferred from the movable unit to the housing via the gas. In order to maintain this higher gas pressure in this space without the movable unit coming into contact with the housing, which entails friction and thus undesirable heat development, a contactless restriction 37 is arranged between the movable unit 35 and the housing 33. This restriction 37 is formed by two closely spaced restriction surfaces 33c and 35c of the inside of the housing and the outside of the movable unit.
摘要:
A seismic shaker (1) for exercising an excitation force on the ground (4) has a base plate (3) and a reaction mass (5) connected to the base plate via a resilient structure (7) and an actuator (9) parallel thereto. A first comparison unit (19) sends a difference signal (21) which is the difference between a displacement (27) measured by a displacement sensor (17) and a set value (25) of the displacement. A control unit (29) calculates a correction value (31) as a function of this difference signal, and sends it to a second comparison unit (33), which adds the correction value to a value of the excitation force to be exerted set in the second comparison unit (33). This second comparison unit is connected to a controller unit (15) which controls the actuator. At Low frequency this position control will track the ground force through the position set-point. The position feedback loop will be able to suppress the interfering force of the spring and any hysteresis.
摘要:
There is provided an actuator system for moving an object. The actuator system comprises a rotor for supporting the object, and a stator. The rotor comprises a circular magnetic track for generating a magnetic field across a radial air gap. The circular magnetic track is coaxial to an axis extending in an axial direction. The stator comprises a first set of coils and a second set of coils. The first set of coils and the second set of coils are arranged at least partly in the radial air gap. The first set of coils extends axially on both sides beyond the circular magnetic track to generate a tangential electromagnetic force in a direction tangentially to the circular magnetic track to rotate the rotor relative to the stator about the axis. The second set of coils extends axially on only one side beyond the circular magnetic track to generate an axial electromagnetic force in the axial direction to move the rotor relative to the stator in the axial direction.
摘要:
A measuring device of the interferometer type has an optical system 2, as well as a light source 1 and a sensor 3. The optical system has a beam splitter 4 and a reflector 9 which is under 45° with respect to light-splitting surface 5 of the beam splitter. The measuring object 21 is present in line with the beam of light emitted by the light source 6 and is located at the rear side of the beam splitter. The measuring device further comprises a further optical system 13, which is such that a reflected from the light reflecting surface 21A of the object to be measured, and in the further optical system incoming light beam in the same direction and at the same site as that in which it entered, is sent back. This may also be the case of relatively large skewness of the measurement object 21, the object of the measurement reflected light beam in itself will be sent back.
摘要:
A positioning device (1) for a wafer chuck (13) comprises a housing (9) in which underpressure prevails, as well as the wafer chuck displaceable over the bottom (7) of the housing, and positioining means (17) located underneath the bottom for positioning the wafer chuck. The positioning means comprises eight actuators four of which form vertical actuators (23) which each have a disc-shaped round permanent magnet (25), as well as a coil (27) partly situated around it and partly above it, the bottom (27A) of which coil is present at a level in between the bottom (25A) and top (25B) of the disc-shaped magnet and whose inner diameter (D1) is larger than the outer diameter (D2) of the disc-shaped magnet. The wafer chuck accommodates an annular permanent magnet (29) above the coil, which magnet has an opening in the middle. The magnets (25, 29) are vertically polarized while the polarization of the one magnet is opposite to that of the other.