摘要:
Method of determining a surface illuminated by incident light. First the intensity (I1(x,y)) of light reflected from the surface is recorded in a first image of the surface. After this, the intensity (I2(x,y)) of light reflected from the surface is recorded in a second image of the surface, taken at a different angle of illumination. Only the diffusely reflected light is recorded. The difference between the recorded intensities of the first and the second images is determined to obtain a representation that emphasises variations in gradient of the surface. This representation is further processed by signal-adapted integration to a topographic description, that is, a height function of the surface.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for obtaining a basis on which the gloss quality of a sample surface of a sample, such as a paper sheet, can be determined by illuminating the sample surface and registering the intensity of the reflected light. With the intention of enabling several different types of gloss variation investigations to be made on a sample surface essentially in accordance with known principles of gloss facet approximation, it is proposed, among other things, that the sample surface (80) is exposed in an image registering area (44) by controlled rotary movement of the sample surface through the image registering area or by controlled rotary movement of the image registering area over the sample surface, wherein the intensity of the light reflected from a plurality of spatially well defined part-surfaces of the sample surface is registered several times during this rotary movement while, at the same time, determining the positions of the part-surfaces in the image registering area (44), and in turn the viewing angle, so as to establish what we here define as an image volume which is representative of the registered light intensity as a function of the position of the part-surfaces within the sample surface and of the respective viewing angle.
摘要:
L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication mécanique et chimiomécanique de pâte à papier avec une entrée à faible énergie par désintégration et raffinage en pile de matériau ligneux dans au moins deux étapes. Selon l'invention, le matériau subit une désintégration grossière dans une première étape à une concentration dépassant 20 %, on neutralise les groupes d'acide se trouvant dans le matériau ligneux, puis on dilue ledit matériau jusqu'à obtention d'une concentration de 1 à 10 % et on le raffine dans une ou plusieurs étapes.
摘要:
Le procédé de réduction de la consommation d'énergie lors du raffinage/battage d'un matériau contenant de la cellulose consiste à ajouter un alcali au matériau pour neutraliser les groupes acides liés à la paroi fibreuse. Selon l'invention, la valeur du pH dans la suspension de pulpe est mesurée à la sortie du raffineur, l'alcali est ajouté en une quantité dépendant de la valeur du pH mesuré pour la neutralisation sans excès dans la zone de battage ou immédiatement avant que le matériau n'entre dans ce dernier, en une quantité comprise entre 0,05 et 9 kg/tonne, de préférence entre 0,5 et 5 kg/tonne, plus particulièrement entre 1 et 4 kg/tonne, le calcul étant effectué en kilo de NaOH par tonne de pulpe.
摘要:
Use of a geo-textile system made from a textile structure and integrated sensor fibers for improving and monitoring a dam is new. Preferred Features: The textile structure has fleece layers (6, 6~) with embedded sensor fibers (3) and traction elements (8). The fleece layers are joined using a compacting process. The sensor fibers are glass fibers with special arrangements of the optical core regions or refractive index profiles.
摘要:
The present invention provides a method for treatment of chemical pulp for the manufacturing of microfibrillated cellulose comprising the following steps: a) providing a hemicellulose containing pulp, b) refining said pulp in at least one step and treating said pulp with one or more wood degrading enzymes at a relatively low enzyme dosage, and c) homogenizing said pulp thus providing s aid microfibrillated cellulose. According to a second aspect of the invention a microfibrillated cellulose obtainable by the method according to the first aspect is provided . According to a third aspect of the invention, use of said microfibrillated cellulose according to the second aspect in food products, paper products, composite materials, coatings or in rheology modifiers (e.g. drilling muds) is provided .
摘要:
Dewatering arrangement adapted to use in a twin-wire dewatering section of a paper machine, comprising a rotating forming roll, a head box for supplying stock arranged before the forming roll, a closed loop first wire adapted to, be partly wrapped around the forming roll to a separation line where its contact with the forming roll ceases, and to receive the stock from the head box on its surface not facing the forming roll, a closed loop second wire adapted to be partly wrapped around the forming roll on top of the first wire thereby pressing the stock between itself and the first wire, a first blade, substantially parallel with the forming roll, is arranged to support the lower side of the wire after the separation line of the forming roll and is arranged such that the tip of the blade is directed against the wire transporting direction, The distance from the separation line to the blade is less than 100 mm. By supporting the wire close to the forming roll movement of the first wire is suppressed, thus reducing unwanted effects like sheet damages.
摘要:
The present invention provides, according to a first aspect, a method for internal sizing of paper or paperboard wherein CMC modified cellulose fibres are treated with a synthetic sizing agent, in the presence of an electrolyte whereby the conductivity of the suspension is at least 1.0 mS/cm. The present invention also provides, according to a second aspect, paper or paperboard obtainable by the above method. According to a third aspect of the invention use of paper or paper board according to the second aspect of the invention for the manufacture of liquid board, communication paper, packaging paper, liner or board is provided.