摘要:
A system and method is described having a single reaction vessel (12) using superheated steam optionally augmented by oxygen for reducing nitrogen oxides present in a wide variety of organic compounds. Reduction takes place quickly when a steam/oxygen mixture is injected into a fluidized bed (22) of ceramic beads. Reducing additives are metered into the reaction vessel (12) and/or provide energy input to reduce nitrates to nitrogen. The speed of the fluidizing gas mixture agitates the beads that then help to break up solid wastes and to allow self-cleaning through abrasion thereby eliminating agglomerates, and the oxygen, when used, allows for some oxidation of waste by-products and provides an additional offset for thermal requirements of operation.
摘要:
A system and method for conversion of alkali metals, heavy metals, halogens, and sulfur into mineral products. The system includes a single reaction vessel (12). To begin the process, co-reactants (13) such as lime and clay are mixed with waste feeds containing alkali metals, heavy metals, halogens, and sulfur. This mixture is then introduced into the reaction vessel. The reaction vessel is operated under reducing conditions. After the mineral products are allowed to form, they are collected from the reaction vessel (12).
摘要:
A system and method for conversion of alkali metals, heavy metals, halogens, and sulfur into mineral products. The system includes a single reaction vessel (12). To begin the process, co-reactants (13) such as lime and clay are mixed with waste feeds containing alkali metals, heavy metals, halogens, and sulfur. This mixture is then introduced into the reaction vessel. The reaction vessel is operated under reducing conditions. After the mineral products are allowed to form, they are collected from the reaction vessel (12).
摘要:
An apparatus and method for processing hazardous wastes directly from 55-gallon drums through the use of pyrolysis and steam reforming. The method is based on a pyrolyzer (10) using heat to vaporize organics that are present in the hazardous wastes. The waste is heated in the original drums (24) to avoid the bulk handling of alpha radionuclides and to ensure criticality control. At pyrolysis temperatures, all liquids and organics in the drums evaporate and volatize. The resulting waste in the drums is a dry, inert, inorganic matrix with carbon char containing radioactive metals. The off-gas produced by pyrolysis mainly consists of water vapor, volatized organics, and acid gases from the decomposition of various plastics and other organics present in the waste drums. The off-gas produced by the pyrolysis is then collected and fed into an off-gas treatment system (80) that is in fluid communication with pyrolyzer (10) operated under oxidizing conditions.
摘要:
A method of waste stabilization by mineralization of waste material in situ in a treatment container (24) suitable for treatment, transit, storage and disposal. The waste material may be mixed with mineralizing additives and, optionally, reducing additives, in the treatment container or in a separate mixing vessel. The mixture is then subjected to heat in the treatment container (24) to heat-activate mineralization of the mixture and form a stable, mineralized, monolithic solid. This stabilized mass may then be transported in the same treatment container (24) for storage and disposal.
摘要:
Treatment of radioactive waste comprising organic compounds, and sulfur-containing compounds and/or halogen-containing compounds. An apparatus comprises a reaction vessel comprising a filter for carrying out thermal treatment of the waste and a thermal oxidizer. Utilizing co-reactants to reduce gas phase sulfur and halogen from treatment of wastes.
摘要:
A system for the treatment and recycling of graphite containing radionuclides including a two stage method that employs a thermal roaster that is operatively connected to a steam reformer. In the first stage, radioactive graphite is roasted or heated to volatize a first amount of radionuclides contained in the graphite. In the second stage, the roasted graphite is reacted with steam or gases containing water vapor so that a second amount of radionuclides is removed. Optionally, the present system also processes the radionuclides to enable their disposal.