摘要:
Food or feed processing systems (10, 96) include an extruder (14) and a downstream processor (16, 16a), and are operable to process high meat food or feed formulations. The processors (16, 16a) include an elongated processor barrel (38) presenting an inner surface (44) with a central body or tube (60) within the barrel (38) and presenting an outer surface (62). The surfaces (38, 62) thereby define an elongated annular processing region (70). The barrel (38) and tube (60) are steam heated by means of apparatus (52, 66). A rotatable processing element (72) is also located within the region (70). The element (72) has a plurality of helical vanes (88, 104), which scrape the surfaces (44, 62) to prevent buildup of material on these surfaces.
摘要:
An improved, dual-shaft preconditioner (10, 70, 102) is provided having independent drive mechanism ( 18, 20, 78, 80) operatively coupled with a corresponding preconditioner shaft (14, 16, 74, 76, 106, 108) and permitting selective rotation ofthe shafts (14, 16, 74, 76, 106, 108) at rotational speeds and directions independent of each other. Preferably, the speed differential between the shafts (14, 16, 74, 76, 106, 108) is at least about 5:1. The mechanisms (18, 20, 78, 80) are operatively coupled with a digital control device (60) to allow rotational speed and direction control. Preferably, the preconditioner (10, 70, 102) is supported on load cells (62, 100) also coupled with control device (60) to permit on-the-go changes in material retention time within the preconditioner (10, 70, 102). The preconditioner (10, 70, 102) is particularly useful for the preconditioning and partial gelatinization of starch-bearing feed or food materials, to an extent to achieve at least about 50% cook in the preconditioned feed or food materials.
摘要:
Improved, high-capacity processing systems including a processing device such as an extruder (26) or a pellet mill (P) are provided which minimize product losses and permit the user to conduct multiple, segregated short runs with a minimum of down time between runs. The extruder systems (20, 220) include an extruder assembly (21, 221) having a special, multiple-position die assembly (28), as well as an upstream preconditioner (24) and feed bin assembly (22). A variable speed, variable output discharge screw feeder (78) is located between the preconditioner outlet (62) and extruder barrel inlet (90). A PLC-type controller (30) coupled to the extruder assembly components establishes a choke full condition at the discharge feeder (78) so that continuous uninterrupted flow of preconditioned material to the extruder (26) at a uniform mass flow rate is maintained for as long as possible. In preferred forms, load cells (46, 72) are operatively coupled to the bin assembly (22) and preconditioner (24) so as to monitor material flow through the systems (20, 220). A multiple stage cascade-type dryer assembly (29) is provided downstream of extruder (26).
摘要:
A method of producing extrudates such as high protein, high fat sinking aquatic feeds is provided wherein a high protein starting material is initially preconditioned and passed through an extruder (14); in the extruder barrel (36) a zone of reduced pressure is created upstream of the die (40) for densifying the final extrudate. Fat may be added to the starting mixture at any desired point in the process, and/or may be added as a surface coating to the final extrudate. Preferably, the method further involves measuring a density value of the extrudate such as bulk density, and adjusting the magnitude of the reduced pressure conditions in the barrel in response to such measurement.
摘要:
An apparatus (10) and method for the production of sterile, pelleted feed products includes an extruder device (12) equipped with a pelleting head (14) adjacent the outlet end of the extruder barrel (17). The pelleting head (14) includes an annular die section (52) having die openings (58) therethrough which is secured to the extruder barrel (17), forming an extension thereof; a rotatable, multiple-vane plate (66) is secured to the screw (42) of the device (12) and cooperates with the die section (52) to form pellets. A rotatable knife (16) cuts emerging extrudate to size the pellets. In an alternative embodiment, the plate (66) is separately powered for rotation independent of the extruder screw (42), preferably by a prime mover (102) coupled with a short extruder screw section (100) which supports the plate (66). Preferably, the extruder device (12) is equipped with an upstream preconditioner (40) to moisturize and uniformly mix dry feed ingredients and to at least partially precook the mixture.
摘要:
An extruder for processing wood particles, shavings or sawdust is particularly useful for the production of a refined product exhibiting a large number of separated, individual fibers each of a relatively long length as is desirable in the production of a fiber core for a composite particle board. The extrusion apparatus comprises an elongated barrel and a flighted screw rotatable within the barrel, with the final downstream section of the screw being of a configuration to sequentially present three processing zones each having a compression region, a restricted region and a decompression region. The three processing zones of the final screw section cooperate with a compression region and restricted region formed in the final head section to choke the advancement of wood materials through the extruder sufficiently to enable satisfactory processing of the same without the use of a final die or restricted orifice disposed on the outlet of the extruder barrel. In particularly preferred forms, restriction elements in the form of rectangular bars are disposed across the grooves of the screw and grooves of the head in the restricted region, and the bars are oriented in acute angular relationship relative to each other in scissors-like fashion to promote rolling and twisting apart of the fibers while maintaining the longitudinal integrity of the same.
摘要:
A conditioning device for an extruder (14) includes two juxtaposed, frustocylindrical, intercommunicated chambers (24-26), one chamber of which has a greater cross sectional area than the other chamber. A mixing shaft (28) centrally located within the small chamber carries a number of radially extending beaters which rotate at a speed twice that of the rotational speed of paddles mounted on a second mixing shaft (36) located in the large chamber and material introduced into the vessel is passed from side-to-side between the two chambers while being advanced along the length of the vessel. The use of relatively fast moving beaters within a small mixing chamber in combination with relatively slow moving paddles in a larger mixing chamber enables flour-like materials to be properly blended with water with both sufficient agitation and proper retention times within the vessel. In an alternate embodiment of the invention, the vessel is tiltable about an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis thereof, in order to bias the materials under the influence of gravity toward one chamber or the other and to thereby vary the residence time of the materials within the vessel and the mixing characteristics of the device.
摘要:
An improved, dual-shaft preconditioner (10, 70, 102) is provided having independent drive mechanisms (18, 20, 78, 80) operatively coupled with a corresponding preconditioner shaft (14, 16, 74, 76, 106, 108) and permitting selective rotation of the shafts (14, 16, 74, 76, 106, 108) at rotational speeds and directions independent of each other. Preferably, the speed differential between the shafts (14, 16, 74, 76, 106, 108) is at least about 5:1. The mechanisms (18, 20, 78, 80) are operatively coupled with a digital control device (60) to allow rotational speed and direction control. Preferably, the preconditioner (10, 70, 102) is supported on load cells (62, 100) also coupled with control device (60) to permit on-the-go changes in material retention time within the pre-conditioner (10, 70, 102). The pre-conditioner (10, 70, 102) is particularly useful for the preconditioning and partial gelatinization of starch-bearing feed or food materials, to an extent to achieve at least about 50% cook in the preconditioned feed or food materials.
摘要:
The present invention is directed to improved preconditioners (12) especially useful for the production of high meat-content pet foods. The preconditioners (12) include an elongated housing (16) with one or more elongated, axially rotatable mixing shafts (18, 20) therein, each having a plurality of outwardly extending mixing elements (42, 44). The preconditioner ( 12) is provided with apparatus (56) for directing relatively large quantities of heated non-steam gas into the preconditioner (12) in lieu of most or all of the steam normally used with preconditioners. This serves to heat material passing through the preconditioner (12) without the addition of substantial moisture.