摘要:
A Composition comprising one or more metal hydroxy salts and a matrix, binder or carrier material, wherein the metal hydroxy salt is a compound comprising (a) as metal either (i) one or more divalent metals, at least one of them being selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Ca, Zn, Mg, Fe, and Mn, or (ii) one or more trivalent metal(s), (b) framework hydroxide, and (c) a replaceable anion. This composition has various catalytic applications.
摘要:
This invention relates to a process for the preparation of anionic clay and boehmite-containing compositions. These compositions may also contain unreacted trivalent metal source and/or divalent metal source. The process involves subjecting a precursor mixture comprising a divalent metal source and a trivalent metal source to at least two aging steps, wherein at least once between two aging steps an aluminium source is added. An advantage of the invention is that the crystallinity of the boehmite in the composition can be tuned.
摘要:
The present invention pertains to a process for testing FCC catalysts on a small scale wherein: a) the feed to be cracked is heated to a temperature between 50 and 500° C., b) the heated feed is injected into a riser reactor containing the FCC catalyst to be tested having a temperature between 500 and 800° C., the injection time being less than 2 seconds, c) the feed is contacted with the FCC catalyst under fluidized conditions for a contact time of less than 8 seconds, and d) the feed is stripped from the FCC catalyst and the properties of the product are analyzed. The invention also comprises the apparatus employed to carry out the process. With the process of the invention the mass transfer and diffusion limitations of commercial FCC units are properly simulated.
摘要:
Hydrocarbon conversion process comprising the steps of (a) suspending catalyst particles comprising a layered material in a first, polar hydrocarbon, employing conditions such as will cause delamination of the layered material to form a suspension comprising particles with a size of less than 1 micron, (b) optionally adding the suspension to a second hydrocarbon, (c) converting the first and/or the optional second hydrocarbon in the presence of said delaminated layered material, and (d) separating the delaminated material from the first and the optional second hydrocarbon. This process provides an economically desired way of converting hydrocarbons using small catalyst particles.
摘要:
A composition comprising FCC catalyst particles and additive particles suitable for the reduction of NOx emissions from a FCC regenerator, said additive particles comprising a Mg and Al-containing anionic clay or solid solution, a rare earth metal oxide, alumina and/or silica-alumina, and Y-type zeolite. The invention further relates to a process for preparing such a composition and its use for reducing NOx emissions.
摘要:
Continuous process for the hydrothermal conversion of a solid starting iron compound selected from the group of iron oxides, iron hydroxides, iron oxyhydroxides, and mixtures thereof into a solid product iron compound with different physical, chemical, and/or structural properties. The process comprises the steps of a) dispersing the solid starting iron compound in a liquid thus forming a suspension, and b) feeding the suspension continuously though one or more agitated conversion vessel(s), in which vessel(s) the solid starting iron compound is converted into the solid product iron compound under hydrothermalconditions.
摘要:
Use of cationic layered materials in hydrocarbon conversion, purification, and synthesis processes, such as fluid catalytic cracking. Cationic layered materials are especially suitable for the reduction of Sox and Nox emissions and the reduction of the sulfur and nitrogen content in fuels like gasoline and diesel. A new process is provided for the preparation of cationic layered materials, which process avoids the use of metal salts and does not require the formation of anionic clay as intermediate.