摘要:
Assemblies of multiple microdroplets made of liquid deuterium are illuminated with pulses from an ultrafast (femtosecond) laser, causing the microdroplets to turn into expanding ion clouds in which the ionized nuclei (deuterons) have kinetic energy sufficient to overcome the Coulomb barrier and cause fusion to produce free neutrons, tritium nuclei, and more kinetic energy. The droplets of liquid deuterium are first illuminated with pulses from an infrared laser in order to cause Coulomb explosion of the droplets and resulting formation of the microdroplets. Alternatively, assemblies of microdroplets of a material containing higher Z atoms such as neon or argon are illuminated by an ultrafast laser and the resulting plasma clouds collide and generate recombination x-rays.
摘要:
Disclosed herein is a compact vacuum distillation device for the distillation of liquids. The device comprises an evaporator (14) in which liquid is evaporated and a condenser (24) where the liquid is condensed, both evaporator (14) and condenser (24) units are contained within the same distiller vessel (42). A refrigeration cycle (14, 28, 24, 10) is used to supply heat to boil the liquid being distilled and to condense the vapor. The distiller vessel (42) also includes a novel heater vacuum generator (30, 32, 34) which creates a vacuum inside the vessel. This vacuum allows boiling of the liquids at a reduced temperature thus allowing the use of a refrigeration system as the heating and cooling source that reduces energy consumption. The device will produce distilled liquid at a cost less than 25 - 50 % of simple distillation. Due to the compact size and the use of the same components as a conventional refrigerator, this device can be integrated into the refrigerator system and produce distilled water.
摘要:
A descalant means, comprising LE structured liquid crystals which when placed close to, or into a liquid stream, cause the formation of microscopic liquid crystalline structures, which act as nucleation sites for the formation of crystal structures of normally liquid-soluble or insoluble salts, and other suspended particles, these crystalline structures being chemically stable and causing a large reduction in the scaling potential of the liquid, thereby avoiding scale buildup on metal or other containment surfaces and also initiating descaling of surfaces already containing scale buildup. Furthermore, said means will reduce the amount of detergents, soaps, surfactants and polymers required in washing and other forms of water use.
摘要:
A fuel additive for addition to hydrocarbon fuels of the type used in gasoline and diesel engines which enhances the combustion process. The fuel additive consists of a small amount of a selected submicron structured water, added to an organic solvent such as ethyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol. When added to a hydrocarbon fuel, the submicron sructure continues to grow throughout the fuel volume, imparting the same preselected combustion enhanced properties of the fuel itself. Thus when combustion occurs, the combustion efficiency is enhanced and no undesirable residues, deposits or emissions are produced by the additive, which, apart form the small amount of solvent, does not add any adverse compounds to the combustion process.