摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for fast and homogeneously heating a liquid product to a predetermined temperature by means of resistive heating. According to the invention, sufficient and effective microbial inactivation is achieved upon applying an electrical field strength of between 0.1 - 5.0 kV/cm for a prolonged period of time, thus by selecting a relatively low electrical field strength and a pulse duration of at least 10 microseconds while the maximum temperature of the liquid product autonomously remains below 92°C during the resistive heating. The process of the invention is efficient at neutral pH and at pH below 7. Furthermore, the process of the invention is efficient in inactivating a broad array of relevant micro-organisms. The present invention further relates to said process wherein the liquid product is pre-heated prior to subjecting the liquid product to the process. The present invention also relates to the liquid product obtainable by the process according to the invention.
摘要:
A water treatment device and methods of treating water such as cooling tower water, swimming pool water, and hot tub or spa water, are described. The water treatment device utilizes ultraviolet radiation, a magnetic field, and ozone fortified air to treat the water, typically resulting in reduced microbial contamination and reduced alkalinity in cooling tower water. Cooling tower water may consequently be run at higher cycles of concentration while reducing or eliminating deposition of minerals on cooling tower components. Swimming pool water and hot tub water treated with the water treatment device typically requires less chlorine, and chlorine levels are typically more stable than without the device.
摘要:
Disclosed are metal nitride photoctalyst particles and/or metal oxynitride photocatalyst particles having high dispersibility. The metal nitride photoctalyst particles and/or metal oxynitride photocatalyst particles having high dispersibility can be obtained by containing metal nitride photoctalyst particles and/or metal oxynitride photocatalyst particles, which are capable of splitting water under visible light irradiation, and a phosphoric acid polymer that is adsorbed on the surface of the particles. Further, because these particles have high photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation, splitting water by using these particles can generate hydrogen and/or oxygen with high efficiency.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for treating a swimming pool, said method including the step of introducing Mg 2+ to a minimum level of 60 ppm and a maximum level of 300 ppm to said swimming pool, said Mg 2+ coming from a soluble magnesium compound.