摘要:
The invention relates to a method for producing mainly ethylenically unsaturated isobutene polymers, wherein the sum of proportions of molecules with a double bond in an α position and molecules with a double bond in a position β is increased to 75 %mol by polymerising isobutene in a liquid phase in the presence of a diluted or dispersed catalyst complex which comprises (i) an electron donor and (ii) a compound of general formula (I) Ha Meb [MFx]c, wherein Me is a metal with oxidation state m, M is an element selected from elements of the groups 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 13, 14 or 15 of the periodic table according to the IUPAC notation of an element oxidation number n, a is an integer ≥1, b is an integer ≥0, x is an integer ≥2 and c is [(a+mb)/(x-n)]. The catalyst is preferably embodied in the form of HBF4 O(CH3)2. The inventive method makes it possible to obtain an isobutene polymer having a low fluorine-content even using technical C4 hydrocarbon portions as an isobutene source.
摘要:
Disclosed are substituted 7-membered to 12-membered cycloalkanes comprising terminal groups, especially chloride atoms, on tertiary ring carbon atoms, a method for the production thereof, and the use thereof as cationic polymerization initiators, particularly for cationically polymerizing isobutene. Preferred compounds are 1,4-dichloro-1,4-dimethylcyclooctane, 1,5-dichloro-1,5-dimethylcyclooctane, and mixtures thereof. Said compounds are produced by adding hydrocarbon to adequately substituted cycloalkapolyenes.
摘要:
The invention relates to the use of polyamines having at least one terminal secondary or tertiary amine function as a detergent additive for fuels and lubricants. The invention also relates to additive concentrates containing such polyamines, to fuels and lubricants to which the polyamines have been added and to a method for producing them.
摘要:
The invention relates to additive mixtures containing at least one additive as component A with detergent effect and at least one partly- or completely-neutralised fatty acid as component B. The invention further relates to the use of said additive mixture for adding to fuel and lubricant compositions and fuel and lubricant compositions and concentrates containing said additive mixture.
摘要:
The invention relates to an improver in the form of a mixture of at least polysiloxane antifoaming agent and at least partially or totally neutralised fat acid. The inventive fuel and additive containing said mixture are also disclosed.