Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for dehydrating aqueous 3-hydroxypropanoic acid to form acrylic acid. In a first step of said method, an aqueous mixture of 3-hydroxypropionic acid and oligomeric 3-hydroxypropionic acid is reacted in a liquid phase to form acrylic acid, and aqueous acrylic acid is distilled from the liquid phase, and in a second step, the aqueous acrylic acid is separated by distillation into an acrylic acid-rich phase and a water-rich phase.
Abstract:
In a process for preparing acrylic acid, a reaction gas which comprises a gaseous formaldehyde source and gaseous acetic acid and in which the partial pressure of the formaldehyde source, calculated as formaldehyde equivalents, is at least 85 mbar and in which the molar ratio of the acetic acid to the formaldehyde source, calculated as formaldehyde equivalents, is at least 1 is contacted with a solid condensation catalyst. The space-time yield can be enhanced significantly by increasing the partial pressure of the reactants. The space-time yield remains high even after prolonged process duration.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for the dehydration of aqueous 3-hydroxypropanoic acid to form acrylic acid in a liquid phase. Aqueous acrylic acid is continuously removed from the liquid phase and said liquid phase contains an inert organic solvent (1).
Abstract:
The invention concerns a method of dehydrating aqueous 3-hydroxypropionic acid to form acrylic acid in the fluid phase, aqueous acrylic acid being continuously removed from the fluid phase, and the aqueous 3-hydroxypropionic acid and/or the fluid phase having a high content of oligomeric 3-hydroxypropionic acid.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a cross-flow base for a material exchange column (27) in which a gas a guided in counterflow to a fluid, wherein the cross-flow base (1) has through openings (3) for the gas and at least two drain shafts (5), wherein the drain shafts (5) project over the upper side of the cross-flow base (1) and a collection cup (13) is arranged underneath each drain shaft (5). The drain shaft (5) projects into the collection cup (13), the minimum horizontal cross-sectional area of the collection cup (13) is 1.2 to 4 times larger than the horizontal cross-sectional area of the drain shaft (5) at the outlet, and the collection cup (13) has a circumferential wall (15) with an overflow device (19). The invention also relates to a material exchange column containing the cross-flow base, and to a use of the material exchange column.